Classical Greece

Geography Includes mainland and about 2,000 islands The sea & lack of resources encourage travel and trade Mountains make travel & farming hard Climate allows outdoor activities

Mycenaeans – Indo-Europeans that settle in Southern Greece. Mycenaeans – Indo-Europeans that settle in Southern Greece. Trojan War s B.C. Mycenae fought Troy Trojan War s B.C. Mycenae fought Troy Mycenae civilization collapses Mycenae civilization collapses

Dorians, move in and no records found for 400 years Dorians, move in and no records found for 400 years History through tradtions History through tradtions –Homer – wrote epics (Iliad & Odyssey) Mythology – develop gods to understand mystery of life. Have human traits. Mythology – develop gods to understand mystery of life. Have human traits.

Zeus

The City-State By 750 B.C. the Greek city-state, or polis, is the formal government A polis is a city and its surrounding villages; sq. miles Population often less than 10,000 Citizens gather on acropolis—a fortified hilltop & discuss government

Governments Monarchy- Monarchy- Aristocracy- Aristocracy- Oligarchy- Oligarchy- Tyrant – Tyrant – Democracy - Democracy -

Athens – Direct Democracy Athens – Direct Democracy Sparta – Military State Sparta – Military State

Persian Wars Phalanx – formation of soldiers with spears & shields Phalanx – formation of soldiers with spears & shields –Battle of Marathon – Persia vs. Greece

Athens defeats Persia Athens defeats Persia Pheidippides - runs to Athens to announce Greek victory, “Rejoice, we conquer” then dies. Pheidippides - runs to Athens to announce Greek victory, “Rejoice, we conquer” then dies. Athens becomes leader of Greece – 200 city states Athens becomes leader of Greece – 200 city states –Alliance called Delian League.

Assignment Research daily life in Sparta & Athens Research daily life in Sparta & Athens Answer the following questions thoroughly: (pg ) Answer the following questions thoroughly: (pg ) –1. The role of government in the lives of individuals –2. The purpose of education for boys & girls –3. the responsibilities and privileges of citizens and non-citizens –4. the roles of women in society

Athens Golden Age B.C. Golden Age B.C. How did Pericles’ strengthen Athens? How did Pericles’ strengthen Athens? 1.Increased number of officials who were paid salaries. Now anyone can hold office. 2.Uses money from Delian League to build up navy. 3.Beautified Athens

2 - Greeks Greek tragedy – character with tragic hero Greek tragedy – character with tragic hero –Ex. Oedipus Rex Greek comedy Greek comedy

Peloponnesian War Who, What, When, Where & Why? Who, What, When, Where & Why? 1. Sparta & Athens 1. Sparta & Athens 2. Peloponnesian War – Sparta declares war on Athens. Athens had strong navy; Sparta strong army. 2. Peloponnesian War – Sparta declares war on Athens. Athens had strong navy; Sparta strong army B.C B.C. 4. Athens lost. 4. Athens lost.

Philosophers Athens loses war and questions meaning of life Athens loses war and questions meaning of life 1. Socrates: absolute standards do exist, Greeks should examine their life 1. Socrates: absolute standards do exist, Greeks should examine their life 2. Plato: Ideal society of 3 groups 2. Plato: Ideal society of 3 groups 3. Aristotle: argues for rules of logic, scientific method 3. Aristotle: argues for rules of logic, scientific method

Alexander the Great After Peloponnesian War After Peloponnesian War King Phillip of Macedonia noticed Greece is weak King Phillip of Macedonia noticed Greece is weak –Defeats Greece, then dies Son, Alexander is King Son, Alexander is King He defeats Persia He defeats Persia Empire grows to include all SW Asia Empire grows to include all SW Asia –Army fights for 11 years

Macedonia in orange Macedonia in orange

Hellenistic Culture Blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, & Indian influences Blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, & Indian influences City of Alexandria becomes largest city City of Alexandria becomes largest city –1 st Library here contained most of what we know today