SOUND Can You Hear Me Now?. GOAL 5: Students will describe the characteristics of and investigate Wave Motion, Sound, and Light.  Objective 1: Differentiate.

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Presentation transcript:

SOUND Can You Hear Me Now?

GOAL 5: Students will describe the characteristics of and investigate Wave Motion, Sound, and Light.  Objective 1: Differentiate between Transverse and Longitudinal Waves.  Objective 2: Describe the relationship between Speed of a Wave, Frequency of a Wave, and Wavelength.  Objective 3: Investigate the nature of Sound in terms of Wave Motion.

WAVES are caused by VIBRATIONS  SOUND is produced by an object that VIBRATES.  SOUND WAVES are COMPRESSIONAL WAVES  A SOUND WAVE moves through matter as collisions between the molecules in the matter transfers ENERGY from place to place.

COMPRESSIONAL Waves are also called LONGITUDINAL Waves

SPEED OF SOUND o SOUND WAVES travel at different speeds through different MEDIUMS and at different TEMPERATURES. o SOUND WAVES CANNOT travel through empty space where there are no particles to collide with. o SPEED OF SOUND IN AIR: approx. 343 m/s (767 mph) o SPEED OF SOUND IN WATER: approx. 1,498 m/s (3,350 mph) o SPEED OF SOUND IN STEEL: approx. 5,200 m/s (11,632 mph) o SOUND WAVES travel FASTER in WARMER TEMPERATURES VARIES

INTENSITY  The amount of ENERGY transferred by a Sound Wave is the INTENSITY of the Sound Wave. (Amplitude)  LOUDNESS is how people perceive INTENSITY.  INTENSITY is measured in DECIBELS.  Baby Crying = dB  Cat Purring = 25 dB  Airplane taking off = 140 dB

DECIBELS = dB

PITCH & FREQUENCY PITCH is the human perception of the FREQUENCY of a Sound Wave. FREQUENCY = the number of wavelengths per sec. FREQUENY is measures in HERTZ (Hz). Lower Frequency Higher Frequency

Christian Doppler In 1842 – Austrian physicist Christian Doppler described what became known as the “Doppler Effect” as “A change in Pitch or Frequency that occurs when a source of a sound is moving in relation to the listener.”

DOPPLER EFFECT

INFRASONIC vs. ULTRASONIC  HUMANS can hear between 20 and 20,000 Hz.  DOGS and BATS have ULTRASONIC hearing – they can hear sounds “Beyond” what humans can hear.  Some things like earthquakes can make INFRASONIC, or SUBSONIC, sounds “Below” what human can hear.  ULTRASONIC waves can even be used by doctors to see inside the body.

ECHOLOCATION Some animals use sound waves to locate and catch their prey.

THE HUMAN EAR