Emergence of Modern Science The Cell. How did life begin? What is a cell, and why is it so important to life? Is a virus alive? How are living organisms.

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Presentation transcript:

Emergence of Modern Science The Cell

How did life begin? What is a cell, and why is it so important to life? Is a virus alive? How are living organisms organized? What are tissues, organs, and organ systems?

Cell Theory Leeuwenhoek Hooke Schleiden and Schwann All living things are composed of cells The cell is the fundamental unit of life All cells arise from previous cells

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Archaea Bacteria Eukaryotes Protista Plants Animals

The World of Prokaryotes Aerobes Anaerobes Facultative anaerobes Obligate anaerobes Extremophiles

Monera Bacteria (eubacteria) Archaea (archaebacteria) Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Bacterial Diversity Proteobacteria Alpha Proteobacteria Beta Proteobacteria Gamma Protobacteria Delta Protobacteria Epsilon Protobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram-Positive Bacteria Cyanobacteria

Prokaryotic Cells Size Shape Cocci Bacilli Spirilla spirochetes

Nutrition Photoautotrophs cyanobacteria Chemoautotrophs Nitrogen Fixation Methanogens Sulfur reducing Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs Saprophytes parasites

Eukaryotes Protists Plants Fungi Animals

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Cell Membranes Phospholipid Bilayer

Cell Nucleus Chromosomes Eukaryotes Nucleolus Prokaryotes Plasmids

Organelles Chloroplasts Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus

Vacuoles and Vesicles Water Vacuoles Food Vacuoles Vesicles Lysosomes

Cellular Metabolism Photosynthesis Respiration Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Aerobic Respiration

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle

Cellular Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis

Development

Quiz 1. T or F, prokaryotes lack organelles. 2. T or F, the cell membrane is semi-permeable. 3. T or F, the mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. 4. T or F, Meiosis forms gametes. 5. T or F, the blastula is the 4 cell stage of development.

Organismal Biology Stimulus, response. Stimulus, response. Don’t you ever think?

What is Functional Biology Anatomy Physiology

Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nervous Tissue Muscle Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Nervous Tisue

Muscular Tissue

Organ Systems Thoracic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Mesenteries

BioPhysics Physical Chemistry Surface Area Force and Motion Gravity Body size

Homeostasis Positive Feedback Negative Feedback Body Fluids

Metabolism

Energy Budgets

Animal Nutrition Nutrients Caloric Needs Essential Nutrients Essential Amino Acids Essential Fatty Acids Vitamins and Minerals Homeostasis

Essential Amino Acids

Feeding Mechanisms Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Suspension Feeders Substrate Feeders Deposit Feeders Fluid Feeders Bulk Feeders

Food Processing Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination

Comparative Anatomy

Absorption of Nutrients

Enzymes Carbohydrate Digestion Protein Digestion Nucleic Acid Digestion Fat Digestion

Digestion

Absorption of Nutrients

Water

Adaptations Teeth Symbiotes Ruminants

Quiz 1. T or F, a tissue is comprised of specialized cells. 2. T or F, your skin is the largest organ of your body. 3. T or F, homeostasis occurs when the body is fighting disease. 4. T or F, herbivores eat only meat. 5. T or F, enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions.