Taxonomy SC.912.L.15.6 Discuss distinguishing characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of living organisms. To the Teacher: Source:http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter06-02.html

What do I need to know? the distinguishing characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of living organisms.  how organisms are classified based on evolutionary relationships and explain the reasons for changes in how organisms are classified. To the Teacher:

Domains and Kingdoms The 3 domains (archaea, bacteria, & eukarya) and the 6 kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae & animalia) are separated from one another by characteristics such as cell type, number of cells, mode of nutrition, and cell structures like cell walls and chloroplast. To the Teacher:

Domains and Kingdoms Guiding Questions: What are the cell type, number of cells, cell structures and mode of nutrition for each of the 6 kingdoms of life? To the Teacher:

Domains and Kingdoms To the Teacher: DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Eukarya Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals To the Teacher:

Evolutionary Relationships Living things are classified according to their evolutionary relationship or how long ago they shared a common ancestor. Evolutionary relationships can be shown using a cladogram. Cladograms can be built using physical characteristics or DNA sequencing. To the Teacher: Source: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_03

Evolutionary Relationships Guiding Questions: 1) How do scientists determine the evolutionary relationships between living things? 2)What is a phylogenic tree/cladogram? How are they created and used to show how living things are related? To the Teacher:

Show What You Know Organisms classified as fungi have unique characteristics. Which of the following characteristics is found only in organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi? A. single cells without a nucleus B. multicellular with chloroplasts C. multicellular filaments that absorb nutrients D. colonies of single, photosynthetic cells that reproduce asexually To the Teacher:

Show What You Know It was recently determined that giant pandas are much closely related to bears, than to raccoons. Before this, many scientists believed that giant pandas were members of the raccoon family. What is the best piece of evidence that was probably used to re-classify giant pandas as a bear and not a racoon? A. More behavioral similarities to bears than to raccoons B. More similarities in appearance to bears than to raccoons C. More similarities in bear DNA and giant panda DNA than in racoons DNA and giant panda DNA D. A more similar habitat to bears than to raccoons To the Teacher:

Show What You Know Many protists are single-celled organisms, as are all bacteria. However, protists and bacteria are in different biological kingdoms. Which of the following comparisons of protists and bacteria is NOT true? A. Both protists and bacteria can be motile. B. Both protists and bacteria are microorganisms. C. Protists are eukaryotes, while bacteria are prokaryotes. D. Protists may be photosynthetic, but bacteria cannot be photosynthetic. To the Teacher:

Show What You Know Fungi were once classified as a member of the plant kingdom. Over time scientists recognized a defining characteristic that forced the reclassification of fungi as their own kingdom. What is this defining characteristic? A. Fungi lacked a cell wall and plants have a cell wall B. Fungi are heterotrophs and plants are autotrophs C. Fungi are prokaryotic and plants are eukaryotic D. Fungi are onlu unicellular and plants are only multicellular To the Teacher: