Arnold Bregt From GIS-application to geo- knowledge infrastructure

Two Developments Two from data to knowledge From vertical to horizontal information systems

Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

Framework VerticalHorizontal Data Information Knowledge

Framework VerticalHorizontal DataGeo-data Information Knowledge

Geo-data Collected with geographical phenomena in mind e.g. water, soil, topography One responsible organization From 1960 conversion from analog to digital In NL government geo-datasets

Framework VerticalHorizontal DataGeo-data InformationGeographical information system (GIS) Knowledge

Geographical Information systems (GIS) GIS applications for a specific problem or question Started around 1980 Special software (e.g. Esri) Applied within one org. Development and maintenance of applications expensive Problem: changing questions

Framework VerticalHorizontal DataGeo-data InformationGeographical information system (GIS) KnowledgeSpatial Decision Support system (SDSS)

Spatial decision support systems Started around 1990 Data, processing and knowledge Data integration and for specific domains Problems: not really used by decision makers Decision making is complex

condition suitability scenario quality

Framework VerticalHorizontal DataGeo-dataSpatial Information Infrastructure (SDI) InformationGeographical information system (GIS) KnowledgeSpatial Decision Support system (SDSS)

Spatial data infrastructure Started around 1991(Canada) Clinton order in 1994 The same data for many applications (horizontal) GI becomes a policy and organization issue Standards are crucial (ISO, OGC, W3C) Problem very data driven

Definitions of SDI Utility view: SDI is a network facility for accessing and sharing spatial data. Component view: spatial data, standards, policies and service technology and institutional framework Utility and goal: a network facility for advancing knowledge in a given context through accessing and sharing spatial data

3-DBaseMap(Cache) 2-DBaseMap(Cache) OpenWebServicesTrackingServices GIS Data Data Streams BrowserCatalogServices Catalog Mobile Desktop GISGeo-processingServices Search Search Channels Channels Link Browser Map Link Browser Map Download: Download: ArcGIS Explorer ArcGIS Explorer Toolbar for ArcMap Toolbar for ArcMap … … Collaboration Collaboration Web Services Platform 2-D &* 3-D Desktop Viewers Enterprise GeoPortalData Warehouse GeoPortal Client Applications

Access Network Component

Which countries are involved?

ASDD GeoInsight Portal

Framework VerticalHorizontal DataGeo-dataSpatial Information Infrastructure (SDI) InformationGeographical information system (GIS) Geo-information Infrastructure (GII) KnowledgeSpatial Decision Support system (SDSS)

Move from data to services User oriented Started 2002 View services, but others identified Some organizations are also implementing (RWS) Called “second generation infrastructures”

Current INSPIRE Geoportal

Framework VerticalHorizontal DataGeo-dataSpatial Information Infrastructure (SDI) InformationGeographical information system (GIS) Geo-information Infrastructure (GII) KnowledgeSpatial Decision Support system (SDSS) Geo-knowledge Infrastructure (GKI)

Geo-knowledge infrastructure Still on the drawing board! Technical component: Knowledge components for certain functions (knowledge agents) Human component: training experience, collaboration experiments

End-user WMS Single Service WMS WFS Multiple Service Same Data Coord Trans. Service Only No Data FTP Data Only No Service Catalog Service Inventory Access http: //ce os.o rg 100, 50,2 300, 75.4 X=5 6 Directory Inventory Large Data System i n t e r n e t Knowledge Services

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