Mesopotamian Civilisation

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Presentation transcript:

Mesopotamian Civilisation

What is a 'civilisation'? 1) A society which is complex in terms of technology, science, politics and division of labour. Such civilizations are generally urbanized. The existence of cities and writing are taken as two hallmarks of civilisation. Historically, 'uncivilised' peoples have been described as barbarians or primitive. Hence controversy about term - seems to imply the inferiority of some cultures. 2) A second sense occurs when we refer, for example, to Western civilisation. Here 'civilisation' proposes an overarching cultural tradition running through the diverse countries and periods that make up 'The West'.

Sumerian city-states (ca Sumerian city-states (ca. 2900 BC–2350 BC, also Uruk period - 5th and 4th millenium BC)

Akkadian Empire (ca. 2350 BC–2193 BC)

Akkadian Empire (ca. 2350 BC–2193 BC) Centred on the city of Akkad Most famous ruler was Sargon the Great who conquered Sumerian city-states Akkadian replaced Sumerian as the lingua-franca of Mesopotamia

The first empire? The Akkadian empire was arguably the first one. But what is an 'empire'? 'Empire' derives from the Latin imperium (power, authority) An empire is a group of states and/ or peoples controlled by one ruling power Stricter sense of 'empire' means territorial control after armed conquest (control with force) Broader sense of 'empire' - control through threat of force, and financial and diplomatic punishments for disobedience.

Third Dynasty of Ur ("Sumerian Renaissance" or "Neo-Sumerian Period") (ca. 2119 BC–2004 BC)

The Babylonians: (Early Period - 20th to 18th c The Babylonians: (Early Period - 20th to 18th c. BC, First Babylonian Dynasty - 18th to 17th c. BC )

The Babylonians Centred on Babylon, southern Mesopotamia First mention of Babylon in at the time of Sargon in the 23rd century BC Hammurabi (1696 – 1654 BC) created an empire out of the former Akkadian territories Wrote in Akkadian for official purposes and Sumerian for religious ones. The Babylonians were Amorites