Circulatory System

Questions to think about! ■ Why is the heart referred to as a double pump? ■ Why is it necessary to have valves in the heart and some veins? ■ What are the similarities and differences between arteries and veins? ■ Why are capillaries just a single layer thick? ■ What factors influence blood pressure?

Note Rotation ●You will rotate through 9 stations. ●Each station is name with the part of the heart you will label and color. ●Then at each station there is a title on the slide that is the heading in your notes ●Read and write important information in your notebooks for each station *don’t forget to label and color the part of the heart you glued in your notebook before you leave the station*

Superior Vena Cava station 1

Color (BLUE) and Label the Superior Vena Cava

Circulatory System ■ Functions – Transports gases, nutrients, and food to all of the body cells. – It regulates temperature and fights infections. ■ Components – It consists of blood, blood vessels, and the heart.

Red = oxygenated blood Blue= deoxygenated blood **Your blood is always RED! The color in pictures is just to tell which is an artery and which is a vein!*

Right Atrium station 2

Color (BLUE) and Label the Right Atrium

Blood Vessels ■ There are three main types of blood vessels: –Arteries ▪carry oxygen-rich blood AWAY from the heart. ▪They are like major highways that eventually lead to a one-lane road called capillaries. – Capillaries ▪the smallest blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients pass out (diffuse) of the blood and into the tissue of the body –Veins ▪carry oxygen-deficient blood back TO the heart.

Blood Vessels Arteries = AWAY from the heart Veins= TO the heart

Red = oxygenated blood Blue= deoxygenated blood **Your blood is always RED! The color in pictures is just to tell which is an artery and which is a vein!*

Right Ventricle station 3

Color (BLUE) and Label the Right Ventricle

The Heart <3 The heart is an organ the size of your fist that pumps blood throughout your body. ■ It has many mitochondria to provide constant energy to the cardiac muscle. ■ It is made up of four chambers: – atrium (2- top) – ventricles (2- bottom)

Red = oxygenated blood Blue= deoxygenated blood **Did you know the largest blood vessel in your body is the Aorta!*

Pulmonary Artery station 4

Color (BLUE) and Label the Pulmonary Artery (2 locations)

Heart Valves The heart has valves in between each chamber ■ Why? –to prevent backwards flow of blood! Tricuspid Valve: between Right Atrium and Right Ventricle Pulmonary Valve: between Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Artery

Heart Valves Mitral Valve: between Left Atrium and Left Ventricle Aortic Valve: between Left Ventricle and Aorta

Lungs station 5

Blood Flow Through the Heart ■ Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the vena cava and goes in the right atrium. ■ It then is pumped into the right ventricle. ■ From there, it leaves the heart and goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. ■ It picks up oxygen and goes back to the heart through the pulmonary vein. ■ The pulmonary vein sends the oxygenated blood to the left atrium. ■ From there it goes to the left ventricle. ■ Lastly, the blood is sent to the aorta (major artery) which sends the blood throughout body.

Pulmonary Vein station 6

Color (RED) and Label the Pulmonary Veins (2 locations)

Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the wall of an artery. ■ The pressure is greatest when the heart muscles contract (systolic pressure). ■ When the heart relaxes, the pressure is reduced against the arterial walls (diastolic pressure). ■ Blood pressure is read systolic/diastolic. – A healthy blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg.

What factors influence blood pressure? Interpreting the chart: Write and answer in you notes If your blood pressure was 160/90 do you have hypertension? Describe at what level. Remember: Blood pressure is read systolic/diastolic.

Left Artium station 7

Color (RED) and Label the Left Atrium

Components of Blood (Blood is a tissue!) ■ Plasma (55%) – the fluid component of blood (mostly water) ■ Red Blood Cells (45%) – contain the protein hemoglobin that transports gases (oxygen and CO 2 ) to and away from cells ■ White Blood Cells (<1%) – defend our bodies against infection caused by foreign material or bacteria ■ Platelets (<1%)- clot blood and repair injuries.

Components of Blood All red cells contain Hemoglobin: ●Hemoglobin is a protein in the blood that carries oxygen from the respiratory organs to the rest of the body. ●The oxygen is released to burn nutrients to provide energy to power the functions of the organism in the process called metabolism.

Left Ventricle station 8

Color (RED) and Label the Left Ventricle

The 4 Blood Types Type A: produces Antigen A and Antibody B Type B: produces Antigen B and Antibody A Type AB: produces Antigen A & B and does not have any antibodies **AB is the universal recipient (can receive blood from anyone)** Type O: no antigen and makes antibodies A & B ** O is the universal donor (they can give blood to anyone)**

Blood typing questions: use the chart at this station to help write in your notes! 1.If you test your blood and it clumps up for Anti- A and Anti- D what blood type are you? 1.If you test your dog’s blood and it clumps up for Anti- B, but not Anti- D what blood type is your dog? 2.If you test an armadillos blood and it clumps up for Anti-B and Anti- D what blood type is the armadillo?

Aorta station 9

Color (RED) and Label the Aorta (2 locations)

Blood and the Immune System Antigen: ● proteins produced on the surface of red blood cells ● a foreign substance that causes an immune response ● sometimes located on the surface of a virus Antibody: ● located in the plasma, ● they are proteins produced by B-lymphocytes that help provide defense against foreign substances in the body

White Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells

Questions to think about! ■ Why is the heart referred to as a double pump? ■ Why is it necessary to have valves in the heart and some veins? ■ What are the similarities and differences between arteries and veins? ■ Why are capillaries just a single layer thick? ■ What factors influence blood pressure?

Let’s answer the discussion questions! ■ Why is the heart referred to as a double pump? – The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and the left side of the heart pumps blood to the body. ■ Why is it necessary to have valves in the heart and some veins? – Valves prevent the backward flow of blood. ■ What are the similarities and differences between arteries and veins? – Arteries and veins are both large blood vessels that transport blood. Arteries are thicker than veins and carry blood away from the heart. Veins are thinner, contain valves, and carry blood toward the heart.

Let’s answer the discussion questions! ■ Why are capillaries just a single layer thick? The single layer allows the diffusion of gases and nutrients from the blood to body tissue and vice versa. ■ What factors influence blood pressure? Exercise, stress, emotions, excess weight, drugs, alcohol, and diet (food).