LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. JAPAN. PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. JAPAN. PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES/TSUNAMIS TYPHOONS FLOODS LANDSLIDES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE

JAPAN

TYPHOONS THE JAPAN’S IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL

JAPAN’SCOMMUNITIESJAPAN’SCOMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS TYPHOON HAZARDS BLDG. INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION TYPHOON RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

Physics Of A Typhoon

HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)] DEBRIS STORM SURGE/FLOODS HEAVY PRECIPITATION/FLOODS LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) COSTAL EROSION

WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE TYPHOONS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON- ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS. DISASTER- INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM- ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

NOTABLE PAST TYPHOONS IMPACTING JAPAN

“THE WORST” Super Typhoon Vera, September 21-28, 1959 Killed 5,098; Injured 38,021

TYPHOON TALAS: AUG. 25 – SEPT

SUPERTYPHOON VERA

With heavy storm surge, rain, and winds of 160 mph, Vera slammed into the southeastern coast of Japan in Wakayama Prefecture and then proceeded northeast across Honshū, causing widespread wind damage and flooding

THE WORST IMPACTS WERE CAUSED BY HEAVY STORM SURGE AND FLOODING, ESPECIALLY IN NAGOYA

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

2011 Just 6 months after the historic March 11 th earthquake-tsunami

TRACKS OF 2011’S TYPHOONS

TYPHOON TALAS: AUG. 25 – SEPT

TYPHOON TALAS Talas, which left 26 dead, was the worst to hit Japan since 2004, when 98 people were killed or reported missing.

TYPHOON TALAS One-half million were advised to evacuate to shelters Thousands were stranded as rain washed out bridges, railways and roads and landslides blocked access

TYPHOON TALAS: SEARCH AND RESCUE AFTER LANDSLIDE

SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE CAUSES OF DAMAGE CASE HISTORIES

2012

22 STORM TRACKS AS OF OCTOBER 21, 2012

GUCHOL: 1 ST TYPHOON OF SEASON: JUNE 19, 2012

GUCHOL: A CAT I STORM Guchol caused heightened concerns for safety at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, damaged earlier in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami.

GUCHOL: A RAINMAKER High waves, heavy rain (9 cm/hr) and strong winds impacted the south coast of Honshu as far east as Nagoya and the Izu peninsula, southwest of Tokyo. Evacuation advisory issued for 10,000 residents.

SANBA: A SUPER TYPHOON, ENTOUTE TO LANDFALL ON KOREAN PINUNSULA

JAPAN: IMPACTS OF SANBA Heavy rain and high velocity winds impacted southwestern Japan. The rain caused flooding and landslides. 67,000 homes in Japan lost power.

TYPHOON JELAWAT’S PATH: SEPT OCT. 1, 2012

TYPHOON JELAWAT: SEPTEMBER 28

WIND OVERTURNED A VEHICLE IN NAHA CITY, OKINAWA

The wind field that reached 300 kph when Typhoon Jelawat jumped over Okinawa decreased to 120 kph when it reached Tokyo.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL NATURAL HAZARDS CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

POLICY ADOPTION RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY EXPOSUREEXPOSURE EVENTEVENT POLICY ASSESSMENT COSTCOST BENEFITBENEFIT CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE TYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED LOSS