The Evolving Role of NATO Marko Savković Research Associate Centre for Civil-Military Relations, Belgrade

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 2 “Because the great powers of the future will be non-unitary actors focusing primarily on maximizing wealth and acting not simply within a system of states but instead within a ‘great power society’, they will no longer engage in balancing alliances but will settle conflicts and enhance their security through negotiation and compromise rather than through the use or threat of force.” (James M. Goldgeier and Michael McFaul, “A Tale of Two Worlds: Core and Periphery in the Post-Cold War Era”, International Organization 46, Issue 2, Spring 1992) What is the source of great powers’ conduct in post Cold War era?

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 3 What is the basis of the modern comprehension of one individual’s security? 1. Freedom of speech and expression 2. Freedom of religion 3. Freedom from want (economic well being) 4. Freedom from fear The "human (centered) security" paradigm in social science and economic development

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 4 Why history did not end once the Cold War was over?  Every time when a systemic crisis occurs, there are calls for the rules of the game to be changed  Systemic crisis might, and will cause ideologically heterogeneous system in the future  The sharing of norms of governance did not become global, and has not become yet

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 5 How did NATO survive the Cold War?  It adopted new missions, transforming from a from a traditional military alliance for collective defense into a political-military organization for security cooperation with an extensive bureaucracy and complex decision-making process  It took in new members  It was faced with the direct attack for the first time in its history after September 11 terrorist attacks

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 6 How did NATO mission evolve? “No longer was NATO content to preserve and promote its values by guarding territory of its member states. (Since 1989) they have effectively committed themselves to developing the means necessary to encourage the growth of their values outside of NATO’s borders. Notably, this new enterprise constituted principally political rather than military mission.” (Rebecca R. Moore, 2007, “NATO’s New Mission: Projecting Stability in a Post-Cold War World”, Praeger Security International).

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 7 What tools NATO used to promote its values? 1. It developed institutional and partnership arrangements:  Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council  Partnership for Peace  Partnership Action Plan on Defense Institution Building  Framework Document; Presentation Document; Individual Partnership Program  NATO-Russia Permanent Joint Council (renamed later to simply NATO-Russia Council)  NATO-Ukraine Commission 2. It adopted new Strategic Concepts in 1991 and 1999 respectively.

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 8 Strategic Concept of Priorities:  The preservation of the transatlantic link  The maintenance of effective military capabilities  The development of the European Security and Defense Identity (lost its importance with the formulation of ESDP) 2. NATO as a conflict prevention and crisis management actor 3. Openness to new members confirmed

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 9 “Out of area” and “out of article 5” missions  The defining factor in Post Cold War evolution of NATO was the strategic decision to move beyond this traditional sphere of engagement  The treaty produced a strictly transatlantic community  Article 5: “An armed attack against one or more of (the member states) in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked…”

"The Evolving Role of NATO", Marko Savkovic, CCMR Belgrade 10 NATO turning sixty years old: the challenges  The future mission statement of NATO as a military alliance  NATO’s relationship with Georgia and Ukraine  The relationship with the European Union  New “places of interest”: Middle East? Africa? A more global NATO, opening its doors for countries that are out of its traditional sphere?

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