ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high- energy Phosphate bonds

Chemical Structure of ATP 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Adenine Base

What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals

Why do Cellular Respiration? To release the energy stored in glucose!

Question: In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place? In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?

Plants and Animals Plants - Autotrophs Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers. Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers.

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration 6CO 2 + 6H Energy (ATP) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 YIELDS

Cellular Respiration Requires Oxygen (Aerobic Process) Breaks down glucose Produces carbon dioxide and water Gives off energy!! (38 ATP)

What Organelle is Associated with Cellular Respiration?

Review of Mitochondria Structure Smooth outer Membrane Smooth outer Membrane Folded inner membrane Folded inner membrane Folds called Cristae Folds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the Matrix Space inside cristae called the Matrix

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? Glycolysis Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain The Electron Transport Chain

Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle & ETC Takeplace in the Mitochondria Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? Glycolysis Glycolysis – In cytoplasm – Doesn’t require oxygen (anaerobic) – Produces 2ATP The Krebs Cycle The Krebs Cycle – In mitochondria matrix – Produces 2 ATP The Electron Transport Chain The Electron Transport Chain – In mitochondria across cristae – Produces ~34 ATP

Diagram of the Process Occurs in Cytoplasm Occurs in Matrix Occurs across Cristae

18 Adding Up the ATP Figure 6.14 Cytosol Mitochondrion Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid 2 Acetyl- CoA Krebs Cycle Electron Transport by direct synthesis by direct synthesis by ATP synthase Maximum per glucose:

Fermentation Occurs when O 2 NOT present (anaerobic process)  Occurs when O 2 NOT present (anaerobic process)  Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)  Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol)  Nets only 2 ATP

Lactic Acid Fermentation Can occur in your muscle cells How glucose is broken down when O 2 is NOT present (anaerobic process) How glucose is broken down when O 2 is NOT present (anaerobic process) Lactic Acid is produced (makes muscles tired) Lactic Acid is produced (makes muscles tired) Only makes 2 ATP! Only makes 2 ATP!

Alcoholic Fermentation Happens in yeast – how they get ATP! Happens in yeast – how they get ATP! How glucose is broken down when O 2 is NOT present (anaerobic process) How glucose is broken down when O 2 is NOT present (anaerobic process) Produces CO 2 and Ethanol Produces CO 2 and Ethanol Only makes 2 ATP! Only makes 2 ATP! How bread is made! How beer and wine are made! How bread is made! How beer and wine are made!

22 When you exercise: Muscles need energy in order to perform work Muscles need energy in order to perform work Your cells use oxygen to release energy from the sugar glucose Your cells use oxygen to release energy from the sugar glucose Both aerobic and anaerobic burning of glucose can take place in your cells Both aerobic and anaerobic burning of glucose can take place in your cells FEELING THE “BURN”

23 Aerobic metabolism - When enough oxygen reaches cells to support energy needs Aerobic metabolism - When enough oxygen reaches cells to support energy needs - Maximum energy production (38 ATP) - Maximum energy production (38 ATP) Anaerobic metabolism Anaerobic metabolism – When the demand for oxygen outstrips the body’s ability to deliver it – Low energy production (2 ATP) Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism

24 Without enough oxygen, muscle cells break down glucose to produce lactic acid Without enough oxygen, muscle cells break down glucose to produce lactic acid Lactic acid is associated with the “burn” associated with heavy exercise Lactic acid is associated with the “burn” associated with heavy exercise If too much lactic acid builds up, your muscles give out If too much lactic acid builds up, your muscles give out Anaerobic Metabolism

25 Comparison RespirationPhotosynthesis Occurs in all organisms Occurs in only chlorophyll containing organisms Breaks down glucose to release energy Stores light energy as chemical energy in the bonds of glucose Uses glucose and oxygen Uses CO 2, H 2 O, and sunlight Releases carbon dioxide, water, & ATP Produces glucose and oxygen Happens in mitochondria Happens in chloroplast