THE COLD WAR Unit EQ – What were the causes, main events, & effects of the Cold War and how did it affect American culture in the 1950s?

The “Iron Curtain” – Winston Churchill

The Cold War Begins ClueUnited StatesSoviet Union Eastern European Countries Stay independent; support nations that resist communism Under control of Stalin Truman Doctrine: Aid nations fighting against communism Satellite states; nations are independent but under control of USSR Goal Term

The Cold War Begins ClueUnited StatesSoviet Union Communism and its spread Stop spread of communism Spread communism beyond Eastern Europe Containment: keep communism contained within its existing borders Goal Term

The Cold War Begins ClueUnited StatesSoviet Union Western European Countries Aid European nations & help reduce famine and poverty Capture West Berlin by closing all highways, railways, & waterway traffic Marshall Plan: offered aid to W European nations after WWII Goal Term Berlin Airlift: US/British planes airlifted supplies to West Berlin during Soviet blockade Term

Marshall Plan (1948) a.k.a. European Recovery Program American program to give economic support to help rebuild Europe after WWII

The Cold War Begins ClueUnited StatesSoviet Union Military Alliances Form military alliance to counter Soviet expansion Form alliance of communist nations for protection if attacked NATO: collective security against communist attack Goal Term Warsaw Pact: USSR & satellite states, defend each other if attacked Term

Defense Alliances NATO (1949) North Atlantic Treaty Organization Original members: US, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal WARSAW PACT (1955) Member countries: USSR, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Albania

Blue – NATO Red - Warsaw

Primary Source Activity Complete individually!

Berlin Wall Art Create a piece of artwork to put on Our “Berlin” Wall It must have your name on the top left corner of your half sheet (can be horizontal or vertical) It must be APPROPRIATE – no profanity or inappropriate pictures, jokes, etc. Let your artwork be a STATEMENT about YOU or YOUR BELIEFS/INTERESTS This is a grade, and it will be added to the Wall

The Wall: A World Divided Answer the questions as you watch the documentary The documentary will go beyond our time period, through the end of the Cold War (early 1990s )

THE EXPANDING COLD WAR EQ – What methods did the U.S. use in its global struggle against the Soviet Union?

The Arms Race September 2, 1949: Soviet Union set off an atomic bomb US is no longer the lone world nuclear power This set off an arms race between the United States & Soviet Union… US and Soviet Union compete to make & build up more powerful weapons

America’s solution ch?v=IKqXu-5jw60 ch?v=IKqXu-5jw60 DUCK and COVER – Duh! This seems RIDICULOUS, by why do you think the government created this initiative?

Both nations stockpiled nuclear warheads, leading to the idea of Mutually assured destruction… Both nations have weapons so powerful that they could destroy each other, thereby preventing each other from attacking

Stalin died in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev takes power Khrushchev & Eisenhower slowly move toward a “peaceful co-existence”

Congress creates the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947 The CIA is an intelligence-gathering organization that worked to protect American interests abroad

Eisenhower did respond to growing Soviet influence in the Middle East with the Eisenhower Doctrine… The US will use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism

The Cold War spreads to outer space Americans had believed US technology was superior to the Soviets However, in 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, a small satellite sent to space; In response, the US established NASA… Organization to coordinate space-related efforts of American scientists and the military

The Korean War

Think – Pair – Share Think back to the North Korea Documentary. (1) Why was there a conflict between North and South Korea? (2) Why did the U.S. get involved? (3) What was the result of the War?

Korean War in a nutshell… Why is the US even getting involved? CONTAINMENT! Korea ruled by Japan from 1920 until Japan surrenders in WWII in 1945 America divides Korea along 38 th parallel (Potsdam Conference): US occupies South USSR occupies North (under leadership of Kim Il- sung)

Korean War… in a Nutshell June 1950 – July 1953 North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) supported by China and the Soviet Union South Korea (Republic of Korea) supported by the UN Vs.

Let’s let the Internet teach us… us-forces-to-korea us-forces-to-korea

Counterattack at Inchon Death toll for the Korean War: -Over 36,000 Americans -Over 600,000 Chinese -Over 2 million Korean soldiers and civilians

LuxembourgLuxembourg - 7 NorwayNorway (noncombat role) South AfricaSouth Africa - 20 United StatesUnited States – 37,000 New ZealandNew Zealand - 31 PhilippinesPhilippines - 92 South KoreaSouth Korea – 137,899 SwedenSweden (noncombat role) ThailandThailand TurkeyTurkey United KingdomUnited Kingdom – 1,078 United NationsUnited Nations - 932,964 troops served NetherlandsNetherlands AustraliaAustralia BelgiumBelgium - 97 CanadaCanada ColombiaColombia DenmarkDenmark (noncombat role) EthiopiaEthiopia FranceFrance GreeceGreece IndiaIndia (noncombat role) ItalyItaly (noncombat role) United Nations Forces in Korea: (Nation – Number Killed in Action)

Troops patrol the DMZ