Review What trade route was “powered” by seasonal winds? How did losing the Opium War affect China? What nation was often referred to the “brightest Jewel” of the British Empire?
Nationalism Review Nationalism- Pride and devotion to one’s nation or ethnic group
Development and Effect Large groups of people who share a cultural identity (language, customs, history) have felt the pulling power of nationalistic feeling. Cultural groups often desire autonomy, or self government. Two effects: -Unite people into stable nations -Tear nations apart Napoleon - created Nationalism among French armies leading them to conquer Europe -Also created Nationalism in conquered nations leading to revolts
National Unity Nationalism has cause some areas to unite: -Germany -India -Zionism
Germany and Bismarck In the early 1800s Germany was many small states 1862 Otto Von Bismarck was made Chancellor of Prussia and used “Blood and Iron” to unity Germany. Resulted in three wars: -Danish War -Austro-Prussian War -Franco-Prussian War 1871 German united under Prussian Kaiser William I
India Under British control since 1700s. Indian National Congress (INC)- political group worked to gain Indian independence Gandhi led through passive resistance and Civil Disobedience (soul force- Satyagraha) In 1947 India was partitioned into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India and set free
Zionism As nationalism increased throughout Europe, anti-Semitism grew Theodore Herzl led a movement to build a Jewish state in Palestine. Israel was founded in 1948 in Palestine Arabs displaced by Israel believe Israel should be dissolved and land returned to Arabs. Leads to political conflict today
Nationalism Conflict Some nationalist movements have torn nations and empires apart -Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was home to many groups including Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians and Turks Young Turks- wanted to increase Ottoman power by cleansing religious groups. Attacked Christian Armenians killing over a million in 25 years Nationalist groups rebelled: Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria all gained independence.
The Balkans The Balkans were constantly under attack by foreign powers trying to gain control By 1914 the Balkans were the “Powder Keg of Europe” In 1914 a Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to Austria’s throne- Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Decolonization Nationalism has helped decolonization after World War II, leading to over 100 new nations. National groups have broken free from Empires, especially in Africa where 64 nations have been created.
Pan-African Nationalism Leaders of African independence include: Kwame Nkurmah- Ghana Jomo Kenyatta- Kenya Kenneth Kaunda- Zambia
Write two examples of Nationalism; one example for National unity and one for conflict caused by Nationalism Use any examples you know from Global History