Ljubljana, July 2011 Physics on synchrotrons and computers Alojz Kodre Faculty of Math & Physics, University of Ljubljana
X-rays Wilhelm Röntgen, 1896, = 0, nm = – Hz h = 100 eV – 200 keV Ljubljana, July 2011
Synchrotron storage ring beame+e+ path289.2 m W4.45 GeV = W/m 0 c c - v c/2 2 ~ 2 m/s T = o/v ~ 1 s I 120 mA Np = I·T/e p ~ 6 · mbar N/V = pNA/(RT) ~10 4 /(mm) 3 N f /t s -1 DORIS, DESY Hamburg Ljubljana, July 2011
Synchrotron - an extremely bright source of UV and X-ray light Ljubljana, July 2011
DESY, Hamburg Ljubljana, July 2011
Elettra, Trieste Ljubljana, July 2011
ESRF, Grenoble Ljubljana, July 2011
Brightness of different light sources Ljubljana, July 2011
X-ray diffraction on crystalls: information on the distribution of atoms in the material Ljubljana, July 2011
Protein Structure by X-Ray Diffraction Protein – a molecule of ~ atoms Diffraction pattern of the protein. Ljubljana, July 2011
X-ray diffraction on disordered materials provides almost no structure information Ljubljana, July 2011
Absorption spectroscopy Ljubljana, July 2011
energy scattering Compton scattering Rayleigh absorption relative absorption coefficient Ljubljana, July 2011 X-ray absorption
Ljubljana, July 2011 Absorption edges
Cu K edge Ljubljana, July 2011
Zn K edge – experiment and model Ljubljana, July 2011
Ar Ljubljana, July 2011
Metal-vapor cells Ljubljana, July 2011
Cd vapor : metal Ljubljana, July 2011
Iodine atomic gel spline atomski pare 950 ºC trden atomic vapour 950 °C solid
Ljubljana, July 2011 Atomic absorption Ga-Kr
EXAFS – Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure constructive interference destructive interference
Rh
MoSI nanowires Ljubljana, July 2011
SrTiO 3
Ljubljana, July 2011
New devices wiggler undulator rentgenski laser Ljubljana, July 2011
DESY, Hamburg PETRA
XFEL – X-ray Free Electron Laser
Ljubljana, July 2011 The group at Hasylab