Rooftop Unit Working Group - RTUG - January 19, 2010 Up on the Roof…”Up on the roof I've found a paradise that's trouble proof, up on the roof.” —C. King/G. Goffin 1962

RTUG Agenda 9:30am Objectives/Process for the Meeting 9:45-11:00 Program and Field Lessons Learned/ Recommendations 11:00-11:15 Break 11:15-12:15pm Strawman Discussion Part 1: Protocol/Savings/ Costs/EM&V 12:15-1pm Lunch 1:00-2:30pm Strawman Discussion Part 2: Protocol/Savings/ Costs/EM&V 2:30-3:00pm Decision Summary 3:00-3:30pm Proposed RTUG-NBI Scope of Work RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Regional Technical Forum Savings Categories Deemed Deemed Calculated Not Deemable Provisional RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Categories of RTF Savings & Cost Estimates Deemed Deemed Calculated Not Deemable High degree of certainty, reliably predicted based on solid empirical data, known variance, known shape of savings. High volume, repeatable with consistent results. Clear and unambiguous measure specifications. Same as Deemed, but with case- or program- specific calculations to adjust for specific conditions that strongly influence savings such as hours of operation, climate zone, vintage. Insufficient information to produce deemed savings or deemed calculation. Applies to unique facilities, and situations. Use RTF “Group” or “Site Specific” evaluation and verification protocols to establish savings. RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Provisional Deemed Estimates Provisional Deemed Interim estimates where there is not sufficient program evaluation data to deem savings. But there is some confidence in costs & savings based on limited evaluation, AND Program operation is designed to provide data that would allow deemed or deemed calculated estimates or lead to an approved M&V protocol. Provisional Deemed Savings Estimate Program M&V Plan “Book” Provisional Deemed Savings Evaluate Actual Savings per M&V Plan True-Up Savings Streamlined M&V Protocol RTUG Jan 19, 2010

What it Takes to Deem Annual energy savings can be reliably predicted –Known variance based on prior program evaluations or generally accepted engineering calculations Diurnal & seasonal energy savings reliably predicted Current baseline practice is consistent with practice on which prior savings estimates were established Measure specifications are consistent with measures evaluated to establish savings or assumptions used in engineering calculations Measure is at least as efficient as the measure used to establish savings based on prior program evaluations RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Additional Considerations Overall Savings Potential Matters – The level of effort to determine savings should match the savings potential Deemed Savings Don’t Last Forever – Technology, markets, and programs change – deemed savings should change with them RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Savings in MWa 2029 – 6 th Power Plan NewNRRetroTotal Package Roof Top Optimization and Repair Demand Control Ventilation Total TRC Levelized Cost: Mostly $10 to $50 per MWh RTUG Jan 19, 2010

PNW RTU Count 236 Metered Avista = 12 side-by-side metered [2 pair in place] Bonneville Power Administration RTU Pilot = 161 metered 12 months] Energy Trust of Oregon = 94 serviced/13 metered Idaho Power = 9 metered 12 months] Puget Sound Energy = 41 metered RTUG Jan 19, 2010

It takes a village… … RTUG Jan 19, 2010

2009 RTU Savings Results –What We Know

2009 RTU Savings Results What We Know - 2 Bonneville ETO Idaho Power PSE RTUG Jan 19, 2010

2009 RTU Savings Results –What We Still Need To Know

Initial Analysis kWh/Ton – PECI RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Initial Analysis kWh/Ton – PECI RTUG Jan 19, 2010 Tonsy = 312x y = xMira's ProposaltonsFrequency 2 (161) , ,555 1, ,335 2, ,895 3, ,455 4, Ton based savings Large/Sma ll based savings More0 200kWh per ton

ETO Summary of Electric Savings Case Pre- retrofit kWh Post- retrofit kWh KWh Saved% SavedTreatment Dentist Back 5,8261,6454,18172% New economizer, new thermostat, implemented setback Dentist Front 7,8272,7165,11265% New economizer, new thermostat, implemented setback Pizza Kitchen 3,1921,1592,03364% New economizer, new thermostat, implemented setback Sandwich Shop 15,1316,4328,69957% New economizer, new thermostat, implemented setback Shipping Store 2,9491,2551,69457% New economizer, new thermostat, implemented setback Pub 5,7163,3812,33441% Restored non-functioning economizer, set changeover to 63 deg, new thermostat, implemented setback Office 4,6583, % New economizer, existing thermostat, implemented setback Pizza Front 12,94110,6322,30918% No economizer, new thermostat, implemented setback Vet Front 3,5613, % Restored non-functioning economizer, set changeover to 63 deg, new thermostat, implemented setback Hair Salon 4,0263, % New economizer, new thermostat, implemented setback, increased ventilation Retail Front 2,4212,371492% Existing economizer was functional, set changeover to 63 deg, new thermostat, implemented setback Vet Back 4,2314,169621% New economizer, new thermostat but no setback Retail Back % Cleaning but no other treatment, unit is seldom in use Average 5,6003,4552,14538% All units (15 cases) 2,07437%

Idaho Power RTU Results RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Overview of Air Care + Energy Savings: Overview of average energy savings per measure per unit: * * kWh savings based on results in prior California IOU Air Care Plus programs by PECI. * Average unit size: 7.62 tons (except refrigeration: 4.7 tons single compressor; 12.6 tons multiple compressor). * Energy savings per measure are deemed and supported by approved workpapers, and Avoided Cost Calculator Workbook (E3) calculations. * Actual energy savings will vary with each customer’s situation, including but not limited to the actual measures or equipment installed, building construction, customer operation, age of existing equipment, and location. By Measure: Measures rebatedkWh total kW total Therms total Average kWh/unit Average kWh/ton Average Therms Basic Package Without Economizer 5,026490, Basic Package With Economizer 3,4247,455, , Economizer Refurbish 6991,578, , Economizer Control Package , , Refrigerant Pre-Test 7, Refrigerant/Airflow (1 Comp.) 3,4464,017,6921,3440 1, Refrigerant/Airflow (2 Comp.) 1,7393,418,9191,2070 1, Thermostat Modification 1,6851,551,392018, Thermostat Replacement 2061,075,717014,037 5, Totals by Measure:23,91219,853,7672,55132,529 RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Detailed Findings RTUG Jan 19, 2010

BPA Pilot Evaluation Elements  Pilot evaluation approach: –Measure cooling and fan energy use at individual RTU level –Larger sample size –Two week pre/post metering with annualization –Energy signature (kWh and OA temperature) and TMY3 weather data to annualize cooling and fan energy savings –Compare metered savings to estimated savings  Report results and lessons learned to improve estimation, measurement, and realization of energy savings  Recommend improvements to direct BPA’s 2010 Performance Tested HVAC program RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Performance Tested HVAC  Thermostat measures –Replacement –Setpoint and schedule changes  Economizer measures –Economizer commissioning  Setpoint changes  Fixing dampers  Replacing or repairing broken parts –Minimum and maximum ventilation adjustment  Refrigeration cycle measures –Condenser and evaporator coil cleaning –System airflow adjustment –refrigerant charge adjustment RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Premium Service Packages Each RTU received a package of measures Basic Diagnostic package (A): Other packages: –B (basic diagnostics plus fix damper) –C (basic diagnostics plus new thermostat) –D (basic diagnostics plus new controller) RTUG Jan 19, 2010

BPA On-Site Data Collection 161 RTUs metered Minimum two weeks baseline and post-servicing One-minute data Site characteristics recorded On-site data collection HOBO U30 loggers/CDA –Basic metering package:  Total unit power  Outside air temperature/RH –Modified basic package:  Supply air temperature  Y-1 call for cooling –Full package:  Return air temperature  Supply air temperature  Mixed air temperature RTUG Jan 19, 2010

BPA Sample Distribution 24 RTUG Jan 19, 2010

BPA Metered Savings  Average savings by unit age  Average savings by RTU type  Average savings by existing servicing contract RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Savings Algorithm  Energy signature: used with TMY3 data to annualize energy – Horizontal line = fan energy – Sloped line = fan + compressor energy – Balance point = intersection of horizontal and sloped lines 26 RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Metered Metered Savings  161 RTUs metered  102 RTUs in Puget Sound, Tri-Cities and Spokane areas with complete post-servicing data  Mean cooling and fan energy savings:  1,615 per RTU and 172 kWh/ton RTUG Jan 19, 2010

BPA Metered Savings Total cooling and fan energy savings RTUG Jan 19, 2010

53 units with ± 10% savings; avg 199 kWh

RTUG Jan 19, 2010

BPA Metered Savings  Compressor and fan savings (kWh/ton) 32 RTUG Jan 19, 2010

BPA Thermostat Measure Savings  Operating schedules – Average savings for 30 RTUs: 3,307 kWh – Average savings 7 tons and greater: 5,198 kWh – 83% of the units realized savings – Maximum savings: 15,408 kWh RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Straw RTU RetroCx Program Elements Preliminary screening for program eligibility Contact customer and get permission for service Determine serving utility Fill out and submit program application Train technician, purchase, maintain and calibrate tools Submit all required documentation RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Straw RTU RetroCx Program Eligibility Elements Constant volume rooftop unit (RTU) with economizer Constant volume rooftop unit (RTU) without economizer Constant volume rooftop unit (RTU) with economizer less than 5 years old Constant volume rooftop unit (RTU) with economizer over 20 years old (essentially obsolete) Split systems Variable Volume Temperature RTUs 3 tons and under RTUs over 20 tons RTUs over 60 tons RTUs controlled by EMS Ongoing PM service contract RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Straw RTU Package Services Pkg A1: Replace sensor A2: Add OSA relay for morning warm-up Pkg B: Fix Damper Pkg B1: Fix Damper + Replace sensor B2: Fix Damper + Add OSA relay for morning warm-up Pkg C: New Tstat Pkg C1: New Tstat + Replace sensor Pkg C2: New Tstat + Add OSA relay for morning warm-up Pkg D: New Economizer Controller (replace snap disk, C7650 or broken controllers) D1: New Economizer Controller + Replace sensor D2: New Economizer Controller + Add OSA relay for morning warm-up Pkg E: DCV Pkg F: New Economizer Controller + New Tstat Pkg F: New Economizer Controller + New Tstat F1: New Economizer Controller + New Tstat + Replace sensor Pkg G: New Economizer RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Straw Basic Diagnostics 1 RTU operational check -does everything work? 2a Document existing conditions (25 fields) 2b Document existing conditions (50 fields) 3 Clean coils 4 Test and document existing economizer and operation 5 Document existing economizer equipment 6 Test and document existing economizer operation 7 Check thermostat: stages, setpoints and schedules and adjustment 8 Minimum outside airflow measurement and adjustment 9 Maximum outside airflow measurement and adjustment 10 System airflow measurement and adjustment 11 Refrigerant system check 12 Refrigerant system adjustment 15a Document final conditions (50 fields) 15b Document final conditions (100 fields) RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Straw RTU RetroCx Program Elements Trade Ally Network Training and outreach Subsidize cost of tools Require technician certification -if yes specify type Quality control Refresher training Performance specification Follow-up with owner RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Straw RTU RetroCx EM&V Sampling plan for site specific M&V to provide additional data to support deeming Provide pre- and post- metering on 10% of RTUs, up to 50 Annual M&V Provide analysis to: 1) Verify M&V methodology 2) Calculate error bounds for local temp vs TMY3 data 3) Observe schedule persistence, heating performance and NLL fan operation 4) Report results winter of 2011 to RTUG. 5) Oct 1, 2011 recommended sunset date for provisionally deemed savings (22 months) RTUG Jan 19, 2010

PTHVAC Protocol Package Costs –$360 A (basic diagnostics) –$360 B (+ fix damper) –$660 C (+ new thermostat) –$560D (+ new controller) –$760E (+ DCV) –$810F (+ new controller/thermostat RTUG Jan 19, 2010

ETO Program Cost Effectiveness Cases Average KWh Average Therm studied Savings Savings 13 Directly monitored2,14538%2.40.6% 15 Including all units2,07437%2.50.6% Unit cost$1,685 PV of electricity, per kWh$0.980$0.702 PV of Gas, per therm$7.872$6.078 PV of Benefits$2,052$1,471 BCR Discount Rate5.2%5.2% Lifetime1510 Levelized Cost, per kWh$0.078$0.105 RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Idaho Power Easy Upgrades Economizer controls $75 Economizer system repair $250 Two-stage T-stat $40 Variable speed drive, fan $60 Pre-cooler added to condenser $100/ton

PNW RTU Results Database Summary Site Summary Site ID RTU ID Weather data Annual kWh pre Annual kWh post Compressor stages Compressor max duty (frac of full load) Economizer (y/n) Monitoring level Pre- and Post- Service Summary Fan kW Fan duty (frac of full load) Baseload kWh/day Balance point temp Slope kWh/day/degF 80 deg F, Stage 1&2 kW Compressor trigger degF RTUG Jan 19, 2010

2009 PNW RTU Outcomes Critical Body of Knowledge being assembled Measurement & analysis continuing >12 months Results database being established for additional analysis Provisional deemed savings potential RTUG Jan 19, 2010

RTU Efficiency Measures that are NOT Measured by EER, SEER & IEER Economizer and damper effectiveness Damper seals Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV) Variable speed fan; low speed during idle Ventilation lockout during warmup RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Premium Ventilation Package Start with a Western Premium Economizer Upgrade the Economizer module with – DCV capable economizer control module – CO 2 Sensor; Min air set to 0% = leakage Add variable speed fan motor – Full (or near full) speed in heating or cooling – Low (30%) speed in idle mode Field testing currently underway RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Economizer Control “Hysteresis” Problem A study organized by Northwest Power and Conservation Council Regional Technical Forum For the most common economizer controller and sensor – A wide hysteresis [6-10degF] was found in 2008 bench testing; manufacturer concurred – Economizing will not occur unless night time temperatures fall to the low set point, which may not happen Earlier tune-up adjustments to existing packaged systems did not achieve expected savings Two investigations showed – economizers did not work as expected – even after proper adjustment procedures were followed RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Manufacturer Cooperated in Replacement Manufacturer has redesigned dry-bulb sensor: Honeywell C7660 replaces C7650 Sensor controls controller [W7459] Digital functionality New sensor will minimize the control deadband and improve precision. Can be retrofit to existing controllers – same form factor Approx. $4 incremental cost RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Outside Air Sensor Placement RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Rooftop Unit Working Group Time Line NEEA RTF Phase I 2004 RTF Phase II RTF Phase III Pilot Field Work Inconclusive savings Identified potential deadband issues Not ripe for Market Transformation Lab Testing Limited Field Test Honeywell Redesign Develop Protocol to Measure Savings Scope Next Phase Secondary Source Review Frequency of Problems Scope Next Phase Test Protocol to Measure Savings Large Field Test Goal: Prov Deemed, Deemed Calc/MV Protocol Scope Next Phase RTUG Jan 19, 2010

2010 RTUG Workplan Establish recommended directions for regional RTU service program work in 2010 – Report to RTF at February 2 meeting Results database up and running - BPA data first; data dictionary development [Cadmus] -Primary/summary datasets with a R&A section -Integrate 12-month Idaho Power results; ETO initial results -Ongoing storage of annual data Ongoing results analysis including: – Schedule/fan/temperature/economizer persistence – Winter results – Additional analyses TBD RTUG Jan 19, 2010

2010 RTUG Workplan -2 Annualized analysis of BPA and Idaho Power units – Substantiate/revise annualized savings methodology – Reconcile temperature measurements w/site & TMY – True up Provisional Deemed Savings as appropriate – Incorporation of Idaho DCV data Align regional modeling to data/results: prove that modeling can produce a signature Next generation, including, but not limited to:  DOAS  Add economizers  Premium Ventilation & DCV  Early replacement Manage and support RTUG activities RTUG Jan 19, 2010

Total US Cooling Solution 50 ZILLON SEER 726 CTU - Country Top Unit RTUG Jan 19, 2010