Implementing Ecological Sanitation in rural Tanzania With an action research approach Hanna Grimstedt

Background - Poor sanitation 2  2,5 billion lack access to proper sanitation- 37% of the world’s population  80% of those people are living in Sub-Sahara Africa countries  In developing countries are 80 % of the diseases an effect of poor sanitation and unclean water  Poor sanitation cause negative effects on the environment, the economy and social wellness.

Background - Poor sanitation 3 Researcher's own photos Traditional toilet, pit- latrine toilet, built with material that is unreliable.

Background - Development aid 4  MDGs was implemented in 2000 and are goals developed to target the needs of the world’s poorest. MDG no. 7 clean water and sanitation.  The SDGs will replace MDGs in Earths well-being and SD.  New working methods are needed for more efficient development aid – e.g. action oriented and participatory

Background – Tanzania & Chekereni village 5  Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world  One of the most aid dependent countries- corruption  Only 24 % of the Tanzanians are estimated to have access to improved sanitation (EMW 2015)

A possible solution -Ecological Sanitation 6  Eco-san- recycling approach of valuable nutrient  Social, - environmental and economically sustainable

What's the problem? 7  Poor sanitation in third world countries  Development aid- try to improve the situation  New working methods are needed to fulfil the SDGs  Participatory methods are suggested to reach acceptance for Eco-san as well as aid efficiency AIM- Improving the sanitation situation in rural Tanzania by introducing Eco-san in an participatory way- through an action research (AR).

Action Research 8  Action research- connects the action and the research  The problem and the solution are identified in collaboration between the researcher and the participants  improved situation through action & democratization of the research process Kurt Lewin´s action research cycles (Riding et al. 1995)

Action research cycles in my study 9

Second cycle of the AR 10 Collecting material in Moshi town and measuring the toilet rooms Researcher's own photos

Outcome from the AR 11 Photo. Mosha Gilbert One girl at the girls toilet Improved sanitation facilities' at the school

Outcome- from the AR 12 Photo: Godwin Chonjo The boys toilet and one of two compost chambers

Main Findings 13  Eco-san can improve the situation in Chekereni -1 st cycle further knowledge and services are needed -2 nd cycle improved situation & up-scaling possibilities needs further action  The participatory method of introducing and implementing Eco-san in the area was important. The solutions were found in collaboration between the participants in the AR  Insights form this AR; communication, trust and give the participants confidence to take own action

The future in Chekereni? 14  Today the school have collected 700 litre urine that they will use as fertilizers in the garden at the school.  They participants have change and improved their situation, which can be spread to the whole community - if further action will be taken Storage of urine Photo. Mosha Gilbert

The future globally? 15  MDGs have achieved much e.g. almost 1.9 billion people have gained access to an improved sanitation facility. But improvements are still needed.  The SDGs have just been stated - “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” -17 goals & 169 targets  New working methods and sustainable development everywhere - not just developing countries. - Eco-san possible and smart sanitation solution everywhere.

References 16 EMW (E-maps World) (2015). Political Picture of Tanzania Riding, P., Fowell, S., Levy, P. (1995). An Action research approach to curriculum development. Information Research. Vol. 1 No. 1. (Online) TFCA /02/diffusion-of-innovation-curve.png 4/02/diffusion-of-innovation-curve.png

Thank you- Ansante sana! 17 Photo: Charlie Richard

Further reading 18  Hanna, Å. Grimstedt (2015) “Now we are becoming partners” Implementing Ecological Sanitation in rural Tanzania- With an action research approach.  What have the MDGs achieved? “The Millennium Developments Goals report 2014”  The SDGs “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”:  Participatory methods in development aid: Mikkelson, B. (2005). Methods for development work and research. London: Siege.