Chapter Six Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Challenges

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Definitions Social challenges Emotional challenges Behavioral challenges The individual’s ability to interact with others Feelings about oneself Overt and convert actions of an individual

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Social Challenges Deficit in social skills Impulsiveness Low tolerance for frustration Difficulties in handling day-to-day social interactions and situations

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Emotional Challenges Depression – general pervasive mood of unhappiness Low self-concept – negative views of themselves Anxiety – feelings of panic

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Behavioral Challenges Acting out Engaging in work refusal Seeking attention for inappropriate behaviors

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Assessing Social and Emotional Behaviors Interview instruments Sociometric techniques Behavioral assessment Functional assessment

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Functional Behavioral Assessment Identify the target problem behavior. Develop an hypothesis about what conditions provoke the problem behavior. Determine what seems to maintain the occurrence of the behavior.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved The ABCs of Functional Assessment A – Antecedent – What happens before the behavior occurs B – Behavior – specific description of the behavior C – Consequence – What happens after the behavior occurs

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved ABC Functional Assessment

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Example of ABC Functional Assessment

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Developing Social Competencies Self-perception Sensitivity to other people Social maturity Learning strategies for social skills Social skills programs

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Strategies for Students with Emotional Problems Strengthening self-esteem through : –Therapeutic relationships –Bibliotherapy –Magic circle –Creative media –Counseling –Psychiatric and psychological services

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Problems Resulting from Academic Failure Frustration Acting out to avoid aversive academic tasks

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Restructuring Academic Work Choice in assignments Response cards Student interests Alternatives to worksheets

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Problems with Suspensions Students with disabilities have higher rates of suspensions than those without disabilities. Students with OHI and LD have higher risk of being suspended than students without disabilities of same race.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Disadvantages of Suspension Students fall behind academically. Suspension disengages students from school. Suspension allows students to escape. Suspension does not teach students social skills.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Functions of Behavior Access – to attention, power, an object Escape/Avoidance – Does not want to do a task because of fear of failure or embarrassment Sensory stimulation – Over or under sensitive to certain stimuli

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Positive Behavioral Interventions Plan developed based on functional assessment Teaches replacement behavior Reinforces positive replacement behavior

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Instructional Strategies to Reduce Behavioral Problems Alter academic work to provide success Create a positive learning environment Provide errorless learning techniques

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Behavior Management Strategies Contingency contracting Appropriate use of time-out Motivation –How do students become interested enough to initiate learning? –What causes students to move toward a goal? –What causes students to sustain interest to reach that goal?

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved More Behavioral Strategies Attribution Theory Cognitive Behavior Modification

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Reinforcement Increases or changes a target behavior Can be tangible or non-tangible Premack Principle – nonpreferred activity is reinforced with a preferred activity

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Reinforcers Extrinsic – external, such as food, toys, or social-praise Intrinsic – internal, such as satisfaction of mastering a task