Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africa

Learning Objectives Outline the factors that contribute to the region’s rich natural resources. Describe the elements that create coherence in this culturally diverse region. Understand the complex interactions between population, the natural environment and economic development for Sub-Saharan Africa. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Key Concepts Gondwanaland Desertification Transhumance Famine Biofuels Density Physiological and Agricultural HIV/AIDS Swidden Agriculture Pastoralism Tsetse Flies Apartheid Berlin Conference Homelands Townships Pan-African Movement African Union Tribalism Refugees/Internally Displaced Persons Structural Adjustment Programs Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Setting the Boundaries Africa south of the Sahara Desert Similar livelihood systems Shared colonial experience Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Sub-Saharan Africa Figure 6.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Environmental Issues - Overview Figure 6.3 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The Sahel and Desertification Figure 6.4 Sahel Transitional Zone Prolonged Drought Human Impacts Overgrazing Agricultural Expansion Famine Figure 6.5 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Deforestation Figure 6.6 Aggravates soil erosion, moisture loss and shortage of biofuels Impact on wildlife habitat Figure 6.7 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Wildlife Conservation Wildlife Reserves East Africa Southern Africa CITES Ban on Ivory Trade Figure 6.8 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Physical Setting Figure 6.9 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Plateaus and Basins “Plateau Continent” Figure 6.10 “Plateau Continent” Gradually uplifted with break-up of Gondwanaland Figure 6.11 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Climate Imagine you are traveling from the Equator to the Tropic of Capricorn. Describe the biomes you would travel through based on climatic information. Figure 6.13 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

African Biomes Figure 6.14 – Savannas Figure 6.15 – Deserts Tropical Forests Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Population and Settlement Why would physiological or agricultural density tell us more about population pressure on land resources than population density alone? Figure 6.18 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Demographic Indicators – Fertility Why would family size differ from region to region? Figure 6.16 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa What are some of the impacts of high HIV/AIDS infection rates in southern Africa? Figure 6.17 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Settlement Patterns - Rural Figure 6.19 Subsistence Agriculture Swidden Plantation Agriculture Pastoralism Tsetse Flies Figure 6.20 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Urban Settlement – Where? Rapidly growing Refer back to Fig. 1.27 Ancient Cities Colonial Cities Ethnic and Religious Influences Trade Networks Downtown Lagos, Nigeria Figure 6.21 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Accra, Ghana—Then and Now Figure 6.4.1 Figure 6.4.2 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Urban Legacies of Apartheid Figure 6.22 – Racial Segregation in Cape Town Figure 6.23 – Residential Integration in Cape Town Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Cultural Coherence and Diversity Sub-Saharan African identity Slavery Colonialism Struggles for independence and development Diverse religious and language systems Common History Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Linguistic Diversity Figure 6.24 Figure 6.26 – South African Road Sign Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Religious Diversity Figure 6.27 Figure 6.28 Figure 6.29 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Geopolitical Framework - African Kingdoms Figure 6.33 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

European Imprint Early European contact Berlin Conference (1884) Figure 6.34 Early European contact Limited by endemic diseases Berlin Conference (1884) Pan-African Movement Decolonization and Independence Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Establishing South Africa Homelands Townships Apartheid Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Supranational Organizations Figure 6.37 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Political Conflict Legacies of colonial boundaries Ethnic Conflicts Figure 6.5.1 Legacies of colonial boundaries Tribalism vs. the State (Refer back to Fig. 1.41) Ethnic Conflicts Secessionist Movements Darfur Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Conflict and Population Movements Figure 5.28 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

African Poverty Failed development policies Food Policies Corruption Figure 6.41 – Lack of Infrastructure Failed development policies Debt Structural Adjustment Programs Food Policies Corruption Figure 6.42 – Uncompetitive Industry Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Sub-Saharan Africa and the Global Economy Aid vs. Investment Figure 6.44 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Economic Differentiation Figure 6.46 – Internet Café in Abidjan, Ivory Coast Figure 6.6.1 – Used Clothing Trade Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Social Development Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff