Covalent Bonds.

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Presentation transcript:

Covalent Bonds

Ionic Bonds Review Valence electrons are given or taken Metals and nonmetals only! (Polyatomic ions) Form ions (charged particles)

Covalent Bonds Share valence electrons Follow octet rule—8 valence electrons Nonmetals and nonmetals No ions Number of valence electrons needed is the # of bonds formed

Naming Covalent Compounds Rule #1 Element with lower group number is written first Example: Oxygen & Carbon Phosphorus & Sulfur

Naming Covalent Compounds Exception to Rule #1 When compound contains oxygen and a halogen, name of halogen is first. Example: Oxygen & Fluorine Bromine & Oxygen

Naming Covalent Compounds Rule #2 If both elements are in same group, element with higher period number is listed first. Example: Selenium & Sulfur Nitrogen & Phosphorus

Naming Covalent Compounds Rule #3 The second element in the name is named as if it were an anion. That is, drop the last part of the element name and add “ide”

Naming Covalent Compounds Rule #4 Greek prefixes are added to each element name to indicate the number of atoms of each in the compound.

Naming Covalent Compounds Greek Prefixes Mono one Di two Tri three Tetra four Penta five

Naming Covalent Compounds Greek Prefixes (cont.) Hexa six Hepta seven Octa eight Nona nine Deca ten

Naming Covalent Compounds Exception to rule #4 If compound contains one atom of the element that is written first, mono is NOT used CO—carbon monoxide NOT monocarbon monoxide

Naming Covalent Compounds Help with spelling: When the addition of Greek prefix causes an “a” and an “o” to be adjacent to one another, the vowel at the end of the Greek prefix is usually dropped.

Naming Covalent Compounds Help with spelling: Example: nonaoxide—nonoxide monooxide—monoxide

Naming Covalent Compounds More help with spelling: The “i” at the end of di- and tri- is NEVER dropped.

Practice: Name these: NF₃ ClO₂ P₄S₁₀ CS₂ BrF₃

Answers: Nitrogen trifluoride Chlorine dioxide Tetraphosphorus decasulfide Carbon disulfide Bromine trifluoride

Practice: Write formulas: Disulfur decafluoride Sulfur dioxide Iodine monochloride Antimony trichloride Phosphorus pentafluoride

Answers: S₂F₁₀ SO₂ ICl SbCl₃ PF₅