Seoul, Republic of Korea Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction in Cambodia (MLMUPC) 1. Mr. So Vanna Deputy Director of Land Registration’s Department, General Department of Cadastre and Geography (GDCG) 2. Mr. Ngin Chanthoeun Deputy Chief of Land Management & Urban Planning Office in Phnom Penh Municipality 17 August – 1 September 2006 Seoul, Republic of Korea

Content Cambodia Geography and background MLMUPC’s Organisation 1998 & Partnership Structure Statement land policy in Cambodia (May 2001), 5 Aspects of land policy development Phnom Penh (PP) Master Plan Policy Main objectives of PP Master Plan Phnom Penh Master Plan Current Statistic of Phnom Penh City Housing policy Green zones conservation plan Main regional development of in the future Current problems for implementation works Future aspects of the organization.

1. Cambodia Geography Location in South East Asia Total area:181 035 sq.km 21 provinces 3 municipalities 185 districts 1621 communes Capital: Phnom Penh Population: ~ 13 millions, Annual birth rate ~ 2.4%.

Background 1975 - 1979: People lived out of the cities, From 1979: People came back to live the cities, they occupied land, houses & building without thinking former owners, Since 1991: Population lived & increased rapidly in Phnom Penh city (new settlement, building, employees in factories), In 1996: 800 000 people is in Phnom Penh, and now is 1.3 million people.

2. MLMUPC’S ORGANISATION, 1998

Partnership Structure

(May 2001) 3. Statement of land policy in Cambodia The National Goals of Cambodia are to: reduce poverty, promote social stability, stimulate economic development, good governance, as described in the socio-economic development plan.

Objectives of these Initiatives regarding Land : Strengthen land tenure security & land markets, and prevent or resolve land disputes; Manage land & natural resources in an equitable, sustainable & efficient manner; Promote land distribution with equity. To Reach the Objectives are accomplish the tasks: In the area of Land Administration, In the area of Land Management, In the area of Land Distribution.

In the area of Land Administration Enactment of the Land Law, complementary laws, regulations and other related legislation; Operation of the Council for Land Policy to promote and monitor the implementation of land policy in consistency with the direction of the Council of State Reform; Creation of a State land inventory & State land classification system; Operation of a nation-wide land registration system, both public and private property; Resolution of land disputes through the local Administrative Commission, Provincial/Municipal Land Dispute Settlement Commissions and the court organs.

In the area of Land Management Development of land use plans (tourism, investment zones, key urban areas & major road corridors); Co-ordination of land use planning with natural resource management of forests, fisheries, coasts, waterways, and mineral deposits in a harmonized legal framework; Decentralization of land management and planning authority to local and provincial authorities, after the establishment of national land use guidelines and supervisory structures; Development of procedures for urban land management and re-settlement.

In the area of Land Distribution Execution of a broadly consultative process and pilot projects to create a land distribution strategy for needy groups; Prevention of illegal land acquisition and land concentration. 5 Aspects of Land Policy Development : Legal & institutional reforms, Land market strengthening, Physical planning reform, 4. Deconcentration /Decentralization, 5. Land information strengthening.

Institutions join to master plan project: 4. Phnom Penh Master Plan Policy Researching previous documents, & studying Advantages & disadvantages of its, Visions to years 2020, Design of re-development master plan of PP city for submitting to Phnom Penh City Hall and MLMUPC, Final design submitting to Council of Minister for Approval. Institutions join to master plan project: Department of Land Management, Urban Planning, Construction and Cadastre ( Cooperated France’s experts), Department of Public Works and Transport. Department of Water Resurces and Meteorology. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and fisheries. Department of Enviroment, Department of Culture and Art, etc.

5. Main Objectives of PP Master Plan Develop of existing urban infrastructures as below: Enlarge an PP international airport, Develop and extend Shihanouk Vill port and PP port, Repair and develop existing railway, rail way stations, and add more new stations as necessary, 2. Limit boundary of public lands ( pounds, canals, roads, railways, airport, ports and urban green zones), Create new economic and living zones by supplying and well managed urban infrastructure to suburb, Create land reserve zones for relocating in reducing urban poverty, the number of urban poor communities, including newly formed squatter areas in the urban fringe is increasing (most rural poor migrate to urban areas),

5. Enlarging PP to the Radius of 30 Km from PP center (What Phnom), 6. To cooperate with private sectors, companies, land owners and foreign investment for land development, 7. Conservation of existing green zones and create new zones as necessary by designing urban green zone plan and submit to government for approval. 8. Determined and specified zones by create a urban zoning plan, specified of high building zones (skyscrapers ), conservation zones, Individual building zones, Apartment zones a void of any environmental impact. 9. Urban economic need to develop constructions, textiles, transportation, tourist, telecommunication.

6. Phnom Penh Master Plan

7. Current Statistics in Phnom Penh City (PP) Land use: Total area is about 37.800 ha: 80% natural lake & Agriculture, 20% urban areas = 6200 ha (1/3-free land or flooding land &Air port, & 2/3 -constructions areas including roads). Population: 1.3 M pop. & annual growth is about 5.1% or 60.000 persons, Average density:130 persons/Ha (500pers./ha in urban area and 50pers./ha in suburb).

8. Housing Policy According to growing population rate of 4.5-5.1%, So PP is needed about 10.000 houses/ year. The 5 visions points has been seen: Encourage private sectors to invest on housing development, Develop urban basic infrastructures (roads, drinking water, electricity, drainage, public transport), especially suburb areas, Implement land sharing policy to poorest people who have no land to live and for relocation plans (Social land concession), Encourage to house owners who live in the old building and shutter to repair and build up by given loan with lowest income tax, Encourage the development of dwelling for lease.

9. Green zones conservation plan Conservation of Chatomok zone, Conservation of Don Penh zone (historical zone and heritage zone), Create new green zones, Create parks and gardens in new construction areas, Creates forest zone around city Border conservation of traditional village styles, Conservation of ponds canals and river by planting of trees.

Skyscrapers zones High Building Developing the country in future, need to have the skyscrapers zones. The high building zone required some Conditions: - Good soil condition, - Big enough space for construction, - Places out of Conservation zones, - Good environmental zones (close to rivers, pounds, etc.).

10. Main Regional Development of in the future Creates of new regions around PP borders and at the main entrances points: Chom Chau, Preak Pnouv, Ta kmau, Cba Aom Pouv, etc.

11. Current problems for implementation works Lack of financial resources (Urban infrastructure plans), Lack of human resources (un skilled staff ) Less respects of laws and regulations Spreading homelessness and expansion of squatter settlement, Increased poverty and a widening gap between rich and poor, Improper land use and rising traffic congestion, Not enough water supply and sanitation in sub-urban areas, Not effective coordinate urban development.

12. Future Aspects of the Organization Improve Government Administration Reform (human resources &capacity building ), Develop a comprehensive land policy (Rural and Urban) and legal frameworks, Dissemination land law 2001, sub-decrees and instruction on land use planning and urban management, Need financial resources for urban infrastructure projects & housing development, Promoting optimal use of productive land in urban and rural areas, and protecting fragile ecosystems and environmentally vulnerable areas from negative impacts of human settlement through developing and supporting the implementation of improved land management, Continue develop and implement of social and economic land concession, Cooperation between ministries, local authority and private sectors to develop and implement urban infrastructures.

Thanks you for your attention !