Topic 4 Rocks

Minerals- the building blocks Naturally occurring Inorganic Crystalline structure Specific chemical composition

Halite crystal (salt) Source: Photograph © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Bob Coyle, photographer.

Galena (lead and sulfur) Source: Photograph © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Doug Sherman, photographer.

Rock A naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineral materials

The Rock Cycle Plate tectonics and weathering drive the rock cycle 3 types of rocks on Earth –Igneous –Sedimentary –Metamorphic

The Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks –Formed by the crystallization/solidification of magma –Granitic or Basaltic –Instrusive: solidified inside Earth –Extrusive: solidified on Earths surface

Granite (intrusive) Source: Courtesy of Carla W. Montgomery.

Obsidian (extrusive) Source: Photograph © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Bob Coyle, photographer.

Basalt Source:Courtesy of Carla W. Montgomery.

The Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rocks –Chemical precipitation Limestone (carbonate) –Sedimentation Sandstone (conglomerate), shale

Limestone Source: Photograph by I.J. Witkind, USGS Photo Library, Denver, CO.

Shale Source: Photograph © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Bob Coyle, photographer.

Sandstone Source: Photograph © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Doug Sherman, photographer.

The Rock Cycle Metamorphic Rocks –Changed form –Heat, pressure Marble