Post –Soviet Central Asia 21 February 2007 Daniel Gray.

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Presentation transcript:

Post –Soviet Central Asia 21 February 2007 Daniel Gray

Dissolution of the USSR  8 December 1991 DeclarationDeclaration  31 December 1991 Republics are now independently governedRepublics are now independently governed

The Bosses Emomali RahmonovNursultan NazarbayevKurmanbek Bakiyev TajikistanKazakhstanKyrgyzstan

Islom Karimov Karimova Saparmurat Niyazov “Turkmenbashi” The Bosses Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedow Uzbekistan Turkmenistan

Cult of Personality

Civil War

Nationalism  Ethnic discrimination in the USSR Economically weakEconomically weak  Glasnost  Nationalist policies  1992 Election - Rahmon Nabiev Government/Moscow vs. Minorities, Democrats, IslamistsGovernment/Moscow vs. Minorities, Democrats, Islamists  Rebels take control of Gov.

War  December Rebels ousted from Dushanbe  Rakhmon Nabiyev replaced by Emomali Rahmonov  Reorganize in Afghanistan  Ethnic Cleansing  UN Peace Treaty 1997

Security Issues Fundamentalism  Fergana Valley

Radical/Terrorist Groups  Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)  Hizb ut-Tahrir (HT) Non-violent?Non-violent?

Operation Enduring Freedom  Supported by all Central Asian States Except TurkmenistanExcept Turkmenistan  Basing KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan UzbekistanUzbekistan

WMD  Soviet Nuclear Legacy in Kazakhstan Semipalatinsk Test SiteSemipalatinsk Test Site  181 cases of illicit trafficking of nuclear materials between

Semipalatinsk Test Site

Andijan, Uzbekistan 2005  May 2005 Protests against the arrest of 23 local businessmenProtests against the arrest of 23 local businessmen  12 May – Prison Break  13 May – Massacre  Death Toll:

Aftermath  Western Response  Canceled support for Afghanistan mission  June Pact with Russia

Oil  Bosporus Straits  Caspian Sea  How to Export??  Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline

Environment

Environmental Issues

 Top 10 World’s Worst Polluted Places  Radioactive Dump  Earthquakes, Floods  Affects 23,000 people Possibly Millions!Possibly Millions! MAILUU-SUU, KYRGYZSTAN

Aral Sea  1918 – Russia diverts Amu Darya/Syr Darya Rivers  Poorly Designed Canal System  Fourth biggest inland sea Now a desertNow a desert  Biological Weapons Plant Vozrozhdeniya IslandVozrozhdeniya Island

Vozrozhdeniya Island & Kantubek