Regional review 3500 BCE

Region BCE 600 BCE – AD

West Asia/Middle East BCE Mesopotamia – Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Hittites, Persians Phoenicians, Hebrews Egyptians 600 BCE – AD 600 Persians (Achaemenid, Sassanid) Roman territories- Byzantine territories Umayyad & Abbasid Caliphate Seljuk Turks Mongols – Timur - Ottomans

South Asia Indus – Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro Indo-European invasions Aryan Vedic Age– jana-rajyapada (regional Kingdoms) Hindu & Caste foundations Alexander the Great – Hellenistic Mauryan Empire Gupta Empire Political Fragmentation Delhi Sultanate – North (Islam) Hindu Temple Economy Merchant Guilds Indian Ocean Trade

East Asia BCE Huang He Valley – Shang & Zhou Warring States period 100 Schools of Thought Mandate 0f Heaven, Dynastic Cycle 600 BCE – AD 600 Qin Legalism – Shi Huangdi Han Confucianism–Silk Road Daoism – private lives Crisis of Late Antiquity -Buddhism Sui unification, Tang–warrior aristocrats, urban, Song – technological development Mongol – Yuan Dynasty Korea – Bridge, Japan - Feudalism

Eastern Europe BCE Minoan, Mycenae Phoenician colonies 600 BCE – AD 600 Ancient Greece - Balkans Roman Territories Byzantium -Constantinople Strategic position on straits Byzantine Empire - Justinian Eastern Orthodox Christianity Kiev – Cyrillic Alphabet Mongols- Golden Horde Development of modern Russia- Muscovy

Western Europe BCE Phoenician & Greek colonies Tiber River Valley – Rome Etruscans 600 BCE – AD 600 Roman Republic – Empire Punic Wars, Mare Nostrum Huns – Visigoths, Vandals, Lombards Merovingian, Carolingian-Charlemagne Roman Catholicism–power,corruption Feudalism (Social, Political) Manorialism High Middle Ages (Crusades) Late Middle Age (Crises)

Sub-Saharan Africa BCE Bantu Migrations Diffusion of people & technology 600 BCE – AD 600 Jenne-Jeno – innovative site – West Africa, Tribalism, Animism Diffusion sites (Kush, Axum- Christian) West Africa –Gold for Salt trade Ghana, Mali, Songhai East Africa - Indian Ocean Trading city-state Islam - Swahili

Americas Innovative sites No large draft animals Slower Development Meso-America Olmecs, Mayas, Teotihuacán Slash & Burn agriculture Foundation for Aztecs South America Chavin Cult, Mochica State Mountains Need for interdependence Foundation for Incas