ISSUE 2: John Balliol and Edward I (The relationship between John Balliol and Edward I ) Sub Issue 1:John Balliol’s difficulties in ruling Scotland Sub Issue 2:Scottish responses to Edward’s overlordship Sub Issue 3:Edward’s subjugation of the Scots in 1296 HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Activity 1: Timeline of Events (70 minutes) In order to understand the chronology you are going to create an accurate, detailed and imaginative timeline that will help you to understand the issue. This timeline should include: King John’s inauguration Edward’s interference in government The McDuff case War with France The appointment of Guardians and rebellion against Edward Edward’s sacking of Berwick The Battle of Dunbar The subjugation of Scotland and the Ragman’s Roll The end of King John’s reign (Toom Tabard) ISSUE 2: John Balliol and Edward I (The relationship between John Balliol and Edward I )

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence King John’s inauguration Edward’s interference in government The McDuff case War with France The appointment of Guardians and rebellion against Edward Edward’s sacking of Berwick The Battle of Dunbar The subjugation of Scotland and the Ragman’s Roll The end of King John’s reign (Toom Tabard) Activity 2: Presentation to Class of Timeline (30 minutes) To ensure that you have a thorough understanding of events each person in the class will present their timeline to another member of the class. You will present your presentation 3 times to different people. (12 minutes of presenting and 12 of listening). Ensure that you cover all the major events.

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Activity 3: Exposing the people behind the events Understanding the characters involved is key to understanding the events in which they took part. You are going to create a double page spread exposing the people involved in King John’s ill-fated reign as King of Scots. With a fellow journalist create a “News of the World” gutter press style expose on the following characters. Be accurate but use the language of the plebeian press (should not be too hard then!). King John Balliol King Edward I The Guardians of Scotland (The Council of Twelve) The Earl of Surrey Hugh Cressingham Here’s an example!

Name:John Balliol Also Known As: King of Scots, Toom Tabard (empty coat), King Prawn (reference required) Reigned: Famous for: King John famously gave homage to Edward of England and effectively became a puppet of the English King. Future Kings of Scotland would not name their children John in case they turned out to be little saps like John Balliol. Although he may have been given a bad press by chroniclers after his reign in an attempt to justify the Bruce families taking of the throne Ill Educated News Verdict: The boy has got a bad press! No one could have dealt with Edward I not even Robert Bruce (the Competitor). He tried to establish his authority across Scotland and held annual Parliaments but he was just right unlucky! Too bad, so sad!

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Activity 4: Historical Debate- John Balliol and Edward I There are 3 key Historical debates in this issue: 1.How significant was King John’s oath to Edward? 2.Did the Guardians take power or share power with King John? 3.Why was Scotland so easily subjugated in 1296?

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Think: 5 minutes Read over your notes on the significance of King John’s oath to Edward. Bullet point/spider diagram/write a paragraph to summarise the significance of King John’s oath to Edward 2. Pair:4 minutes Using your notes, tell your shoulder partner how significant King John’s oath to Edward was for the Kingdom of Scotland. Listen to your partner’s view of the significance of King John’s oath to Edward for the Kingdom of Scotland 3. Share:4 minutes Tell your face partner how significant you and your partner thought King John’s oath to Edward was for the Kingdom of Scots. Listen to your partner’s view of the significance of King John’s oath to Edward for the Kingdom of Scotland.

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Write a paragraph in your own words summarising the significance of King John’s oath to Edward for the Kingdom of Scotland.

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Think: 5 minutes Read over your notes on the appointment of Guardians in July Bullet point/spider diagram/write a paragraph to summarise the main points relating to the appointment of the Guardians and whether they were appointed to take power or share power. 2. Pair:4 minutes Using your notes, tell your shoulder partner whether they were appointed to take power or share power. Listen to your partner’s view of whether they were appointed to take power or share power. 3. Share:4 minutes Tell your face partner your views and your shoulder partners views on whether they were appointed to take power or share power. Listen to your face partner’s views on whether they were appointed to take power or share power.

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Write a paragraph in your own words summarising the evidence that the Guardians took power and summarising the evidence that they shared power.

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Think: 5 minutes Read over your notes on why Scotland was so easily subjugated in Bullet point/spider diagram/write a paragraph to summarise the reasons why Scotland was so easily subjugated in Pair:4 minutes Using your notes, tell your shoulder why Scotland was so easily subjugated in Listen to your partner’s view on why Scotland was so easily subjugated in Share:4 minutes Tell your face partner why Scotland was so easily subjugated in Listen to your partner’s views on why Scotland was so easily subjugated in 1296.

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Write a paragraph in your own words summarising why Scotland was so easily subjugated by Edward in 1296.

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Issue 2 :The relationship between John Balliol and Edward I Sub Issue 1:John Balliol’s difficulties in ruling Scotland Sub Issue 2:Scottish responses to Edward’s overlordship Sub Issue 3:Edward’s subjugation of the Scots in 1296

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence How fully does Source X illustrate the relationship between John Balliol and Edward I? How far does Source X illustrate John Balliol’s difficulties in ruling Scotland? How far does Source X illustrate Scottish responses to Edward’s overlordship? How far does Source X illustrate Edward’s subjugation of the Scots in 1296? 10 MARK CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS ON ISSUE 2

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS

HOW FULLY...? CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS How fully does Source B illustrate the relationship between John Balliol and Edward I?

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS- POINTS FROM SOURCE + RECALL WHICH DEVELOPS SOURCE POINTS

EXAMPLES OF HOW TO WRITE UP POINTS FROM SOURCE AND RECALL WHICH DEVELOPS SOURCE POINTS Source B illustrates the relationship between King John and Edward I to a certain extent. The source shows that Edward I allowed a Scottish merchant, Macduff, to appeal against King John’s decision and illustrates Edward’s enforcement of his overlordship over the King of Scots. This idea of Edward being the highest judge on cases involving Scots was shown again when Roger Bartholomew successfully took a case to Edward’s Court in 1292 and shows how John’s judgements were superseded by Edward on a number of occassions. The source also illustrates the nature of their feudal relationship by Edward’s humiliation of King John in front of the English court by ordering him to stand before him and speak through his proxy. The source further illustrates the unequal relationship between the Kings as it states that John suffered insults from Edward contrary to his kingly rank. Source Recall that develops source

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS- POINTS OF RELEVANT RECALL ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KING JOHN AND EDWARD I

HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence (CONT’D) MARKING INSTRUCTIONS- POINTS OF RELEVANT RECALL ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KING JOHN AND EDWARD I

HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence The source fails to illustrate that John was forced by Edward to swear loyalty and fealty to Edward on several occasions for the King’s lands in Scotland as Edward sought to impose his superiority as feudal overlord. It also fails to show that Edward I also demanded feudal military forces from Scotland to go to war against France in 1294, this showed that Edward regarded King John like one of his regional Barons and expected him to do military service for him. The source also omits Edward’s final humiliation of King John when he stripped him of Kingship and ripped his royal emblem from his robes. John was imprisoned in the Tower of London and sent in exile to his families lands in France. Edward believed he had the feudal right to do this. Recall EXAMPLES OF HOW TO WRITE UP POINTS OF RELEVANT RECALL ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KING JOHN AND EDWARD I

HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence How far does Source X illustrate John Balliol’s difficulties in ruling Scotland? HOW FAR...? 10 MARK CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS ON THE SUB ISSUES

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence How far does Source X illustrate Scottish responses to Edward’s overlordship? HOW FAR...? 10 MARK CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS ON THE SUB ISSUES

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS- CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS

EXAMPLE QUESTION AND SOURCE

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS- POINTS FROM SOURCE + RECALL WHICH DEVELOPS SOURCE POINTS

Source C illustrates Edward’s subjugation of the Scots in 1296 to a certain extent. The source tells us that Edward crossed into Scotland to subjugate the Scots with a vast army of men. Edward began his subjugation of Scotland by besieging and then sacking Berwick and putting thousands of men, women and children to the sword. The source further illustrates Edward’s subjugation of the Scots as it tells us that Edward sought to use land and naval forces to bring the Scots under his command through aggression and violence.. The source also states how Edward was seeking to subjugate the Scots by “disinheriting” and taking the crown from the King of Scots and making the Scottish nation a part of his lands just as he had done to Wales. Source Recall that develops source Source EXAMPLES OF HOW TO WRITE UP POINTS FROM SOURCE AND RECALL WHICH DEVELOPS SOURCE POINTS

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence MARKING INSTRUCTIONS- POINTS OF RELEVANT RECALL ON EDWARD’S SUBJUGATION OF THE SCOTS

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence EXAMPLES OF HOW TO WRITE UP POINTS OF RELEVANT RECALL ON EDWARD’S SUBJUGATION OF THE SCOTS The source fails to explain that Scotland was subjugated easily in 1296 because many of the Scottish nobles failed to support Balliol and chose to remain outside the fight or sided with Edward I. Robert the Bruce the competitor sided with Edward at this time as he had lands in England. The source does not mention that the subjugation of the Scots was complete in 1296 with the vast majority of the Scots clergy and nobility stamping their seals on a document declaring their loyalty to Edward I, this became known as the “Ragman Roll”.

Source C illustrates Edward’s subjugation of the Scots in 1296 to a certain extent. The source tells us that Edward crossed into Scotland to subjugate the Scots with a vast army of men. Edward began his subjugation of Scotland by besieging and then sacking Berwick and putting thousands of men, women and children to the sword. The source further illustrates Edward’s subjugation of the Scots as it tells us that Edward sought to use land and naval forces to bring the Scots under his command through aggression and violence. This explains how Edward attacked Berwick by land and sea. The source also states how Edward was seeking to subjugate the Scots by “disinheriting” and taking the crown from the King of Scots and making the Scottish nation a part of his lands just as he had done to Wales. Edward intended to bring the Scottish Kingdom fully under his administration. The source fails to explain that Scotland was subjugated easily in 1296 because many of the Scottish nobles failed to support Balliol and chose to remain outside the fight or sided with Edward I. Robert the Bruce the competitor sided with Edward at this time as he had lands in England. The source fails to explain that Edward’s army destroyed the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar and captured many leading nobles. This ensured the success of Edward’s subjugation as the Scots lost the political and psychological will to resist Edward. The source does not mention that the subjugation of the Scots was complete in 1296 with the vast majority of the Scots clergy and nobility stamping their seals on a document declaring their loyalty to Edward I, this became known as the “Ragman Roll”. Furthermore the source fails to mention the humiliation and stripping of the title of the King of Scots from John Balliol. This was one of the final acts of Edward’s subjugation as it ensured Scotland had no king and no succession. Finally the source fails to mention that Edward further subjugated the Scots in 1296 by removing from Scotland artefacts, like the Stone of Destiny, and papers relating to the kingdom to show that he was in full control of the country and government.

Issue 2: The Wars of Independence Holiday Homework! ISSUE 2- Sub Issues 1 and 2 Write 2 short essays with 10 discrete points in each (points related to the question). Describe John Balliol’s difficulties in ruling Scotland. Describe Scottish responses to Edward’s overlordship.