ALLIES  France  United States  Pres. JFK  Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson  Gen. Westmoreland  Robert McNamara  Pres. Richard Nixon COMMUNISTS  Vietnam  Soviet Union  Ho Chi Minh  Vietcong (communist guerilla fighters)

French Colony Independence Movement French troops surrender Vietnam ÷ N Vietnam=Communist S Vietnam=non- communist

Causes for U.S. Involvement Keep France as an ally Contain the “spread of “spread of Communism” Communism” Afraid of the Afraid of the domino theory

 $$$ to S. Vietnam through SEATO  1961=Pres. JFK sends U.S. Military Advisors  “Gulf of Tonkin Resolution” (gave Pres. Johnson power to commit troops to war w/out approval of Congress )

 Napalm: jellied gasoline  Agent Orange- defoliant  The Draft  College-bound students exempt  Napalm: jellied gasoline  Agent Orange- defoliant  The Draft  College-bound students exempt 1965=Pres. Johnson More More ground airstrikes troops  strategy of Sec. of Defense, McNamara & Gen. Westmoreland 1965=Pres. Johnson More More ground airstrikes troops  strategy of Sec. of Defense, McNamara & Gen. Westmoreland

UNITED STATES  Napalm  Agent Orange  My Lai  American troops killed over 400 unarmed Vietnamese in My Lai village.  Napalm  Agent Orange  My Lai  American troops killed over 400 unarmed Vietnamese in My Lai village. VIETCONG  Guerilla Warfare  “booby traps”  Tet Offensive  Attack by Vietcong & N. Vietnamese on S. Vietnam & U.S. forces at the beginning of Tet (New Year), 1968  Guerilla Warfare  “booby traps”  Tet Offensive  Attack by Vietcong & N. Vietnamese on S. Vietnam & U.S. forces at the beginning of Tet (New Year), 1968

Homefront Hawks: Supported war Doves: Questioned war SDS (Students for a Democratic Society): Against racism Against poverty Against war Became leading anti-war group Hawks: Supported war Doves: Questioned war SDS (Students for a Democratic Society): Against racism Against poverty Against war Became leading anti-war group

Kent State University Members of the National Guard fired into a group of protesters, killing 4.

Differences between realistic journalists’ reports & optimistic government reports regarding the war. Differences between realistic journalists’ reports & optimistic government reports regarding the war.

Documents that showed that the government had been dishonest with the American public and with Congress regarding the Vietnam War.

 “Vietnamization”  Pres. Nixon’s belief that the South Vietnamese Army should fight on its own.  Paris Peace Accords, 1973  Signed by U.S., S. Vietnam, N. Vietnam & Vietcong agreeing to the withdrawal of U.S. troops in S. Vietnam  “Vietnamization”  Pres. Nixon’s belief that the South Vietnamese Army should fight on its own.  Paris Peace Accords, 1973  Signed by U.S., S. Vietnam, N. Vietnam & Vietcong agreeing to the withdrawal of U.S. troops in S. Vietnam

 South Vietnam united with Communist North Vietnam  ›58, 000 Americans killed  Return to “isolationism”  Distrust of government leaders  1973 War Powers Act  Restricted the President’s authority to commit troops to foreign conflicts  South Vietnam united with Communist North Vietnam  ›58, 000 Americans killed  Return to “isolationism”  Distrust of government leaders  1973 War Powers Act  Restricted the President’s authority to commit troops to foreign conflicts