Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804-1864 Born July 4, 1804 to prominent family in Salem, MA Father John a sea captain; descendant of John Harthorn, a judge in Salem.

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Nathaniel Hawthorne Born July 4, 1804 to prominent family in Salem, MA Father John a sea captain; descendant of John Harthorn, a judge in Salem witchcraft trials

Heritage of Salem Father died when Nathaniel was 4 years old Raised in seclusion by his mother His heritage and early childhood experience shaped his lifelong preoccupations

Education Attended Bowdoin College Befriended Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Franklin Pierce (14 th President) Left school mysteriously 1825; returned to seclusion

Seclusion Twelve-year period of seclusion Writings as hidden as he was Produced many tales published anonymously Twice Told Tales in 1837 brought him out of obscurity Took post at Boston Custom House; engaged to Sophia Peabody

Common Themes Laid out during period of seclusion Puritan past and its ambiguous, dubious heritage Human sin and guilt Dangerous pursuit of perfection Complexities of isolation Need for community

Allegorist Seen by his contemporaries as a moral allegorist But it is ambiguous allegory, unhinged or unstable Only seems to offer secure moral teachings Symbolic, but freed of fixed moral meanings, giving it a modern feel

Transcendentalist Influence Also became friends in Concord with Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Bronson Alcott Later befriended Herman Melville (Moby Dick dedicated to Hawthorne)

Later Life Franklin Pierce President (1853) Appointed consul in Liverpool Lived in Europe for four years Returned to America in 1860

Return to U.S. and impending Civil War Abhorred war as way of promoting reform Wanted to protest it Felt America was losing its innocence Dies 1864 in Plymouth NH on hiking trip with friend Franklin Pierce