Nathaniel Hawthorne An Introduction.

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Nathaniel Hawthorne An Introduction

Personal Influences on Hawthorne Early childhood in Salem Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hawthorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692. Belief in the existence of the devil and often mystifies the woods.

Social / Cultural Influences Rapid scientific advancements Roles of women being challenged Transcendentalism (Brook Farm and friendships – Emerson and Thorough )

Other Important writers: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. American Transcendentalism An important American movement in philosophy and literature from 1836-1860. Other Important writers: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. It was a pretest against the state of culture and society/intellectualism at Universities. The spiritual state transcends the physical one and is only realized through careful intuition

Romanticism A movement of the 18th and 19th centuries that marked a reaction in literature against neoclassicism. The freeing of the writer from restraints and rules Liberalism in literature Valued imagination over reason Valued the primitive Love of nature Interest in the past Mysticism Enthusiasm for the wild, irregular, grotesque. Unrestrained imagination Interest in human rights Gothic (dark, magical, brooding.)

Hawthorne’s Major Themes Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both Initiation - involves the attempts of an alienated character to get rid of his isolated condition. Problem of Guilt -a character's sense of guilt forced by the puritanical heritage or by society; also guilt vs. innocence. Pride - Hawthorne treats pride as evil. He illustrates the following aspects of pride in various characters: physical pride , spiritual pride, and intellectual pride. Puritan New England - used as a background and setting in many tales. Allegory - Hawthorne's writing is allegorical, and moralistic.

Plato’s Allegory of the Cave