New Empires in the Americas

F.O.A. (Bellwork)  Who was Johannes Gutenberg?  What does Renaissance mean?  Which class was underneath the king?  Which class was next?  Which class was at the bottom?

Reminder   Test on Thursday will cover American Indians, Friday’s powerpoint and explorers

F.O.A. (Bellwork)  1) He invented the printing press  2) Affected art, literature, politics, and science  3) Nobles  4) Knights (Vassals)  5) Peasants (Serfs)

F.O.A. Question 1  You are sailing and land at a place that you know has never been found by your people. What are some of the first things you would do?  You discover that there are native people in that land, and they begin constantly attacking you. How would you respond?

Vikings

 First Europeans to make contact with NA –Great shipbuilders and sailors  Settled first in Iceland (870), then Greenland (1000) –Erik the Red  Leif Eriksson sails further west to Canada and possibly to New England  Attacks and distance from home forced them to return home quickly

Question 2  What are some reasons that nations might have for exploring new regions?

 Henry the Navigator of Portugal –Founded a school of navigation and financed explorations of West Africa –Reasons for exploration  Asian spices and goods  Religion  Interest in Asian cultures  ALL TRADE WITH ASIA WAS BY LAND!

Question 3  What are some tools that we use today that help us navigate or find our way?

Technological Advances  Astrolabe –Charted the stars to help navigate  New ships called caravels –Used back rudders and triangular sails

New Route to Asia  Vasco Da Gama of Portugal –Rounded the Cape of Good Hope

Question 4  What might be some effects of this exploration by Portugal?

Christopher Columbus

 Hired by Spanish King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to claim territory for Spain.  Set out to discover a new trade route to India.  Landed in the Caribbean; named the island San Salvador (“Holy Savior”)

Question  How do you think other European countries felt about Columbus’ discovery of the New World?  What might they have done about it?

 Portugal was very upset with Spain and complained to the Pope.  Line of Demarcation –Portugal complained that this was unfair  Portugal and Spain compromised –Treaty of Tordesillas

Other Explorers  Amerigo Vespucci –“America” is named after him  Vasco Balboa –First European to see the Pacific Ocean  Ferdinand Magellan –His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world

Columbian Exchange  The explorers took animals, plants, and goods back with them to Europe from their trips  This exchange of goods between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the New World is called the Columbian Exchange.

 Goods brought to the Americas from Europe –Cattle –Citrus fruits –Grains –Horses –Sugarcane –Disease

 From the Americas to Europe –Cocoa –Corn –Potatoes –Squash –Tobacco –Turkeys

Assignment   Read pages   Answer Nos. 1-3 all parts   Book username: rms8th   Book password: rutherford