 Welcome, introductions  Conceptualizing the evaluation problem  stakeholder interests  Divergent and convergent processes  Developing evaluation questions  Program Logic Models  Constructing the evaluation framework

 Program (Non-evaluator) Stakeholders  Individuals, groups or organizations with a stake in the program or its evaluation  Program structural and context considerations  Age, program theory, program organization openness to change, consensus among stakeholders, micro politics

 Evaluator-Stakeholder relationships  External evaluation, internal evaluation and collaborative evaluation (Collab, Partic, Emp)  Relationships among non-evaluator stakeholders  Differential access to power, knowledge, expertise  Conflicting values perspectives  Resource considerations: fiscal resources, human resources, expertise (evaluation logic, program logic), time.

 Policy makers/sponsors  Program developers  Program administrators/managers  Program implementers  Intended program beneficiaries  Special interest groups  Others WHO ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEIR INTERSTS? WHOSE INTERESTS COUNT?

 Identify reasons for initiating the evaluation, issues, questions of interest  Identify contextual conditions: micro political analysis, evaluability assessment  List stakeholders and specify their interest and relative importance  Identify dimensions of performance (criteria) and standards  Describe object for evaluation  Tap multiple sources:  Stakeholders, models/frameworks, literature, professional standards, expert consultants, professional judgement.

 Useful information from stakeholders  Perception of the program  Program purposes/goals  Program theory  Concerns  Evaluation questions  Intended uses of evaluation  Other stakeholders and their stake.

 Identification of primary users and other stakeholders and their main interests, issues or questions.  Initial statement of the problem from primary stakeholders.  Other stakeholders take on the problem.  Generate list of rank ordered issues.  Attention to potential uses and decision rules.  Identify constraints and modify evaluation issues as appropriate.

 From convergent process, identify and determine priority of feasible list of questions  Implementation evaluation  Is the programme being implemented as intended? Why/not?  Process evaluation  Which aspects or components of the program are most potent in affecting desired outcomes?  Impact evaluation  Did the program meet its objectives? What unintended effects of the programme can be observed?

“A tool for describing program theory and for guiding program measurement, monitoring, and management” Rossi et al.

 Needs: Raison d’être for the program. The problem to be solved  Inputs: human, fiscal and other resources (e.g., partnerships, infrastructure) needed to run the program  Activities: all action steps needed to produce program outputs  Outputs: goods and services generated by the program (necessary but insufficient conditions required to realize program outcomes; can be counted)  Outcomes: link to program objectives; short- term or immediate, intermediate, long term (observed changes)

Program Activities Inputs/resources Program Need Outputs Outcomes

‘Results Chain’ Logic Model Efficiency Effectiveness Area of Control Internal to the Organization Area of Influence External to the Organization External Factors Inputs (Resources) ActivitiesOutputs Immediate Outcomes (Direct) Intermediate Outcomes (Indirect) FINAL OUTCOME

 Activities (service utilization plan):  Recruitment  Induction  Delivery Regular program activities Streaming Supplemental activities  Terminal

 Matrix that associates evaluation questions with methods  Elements (rows)  Evaluation questions  Indicators (how would we know?)  Data sources (from whom to gather evidence)  Methods (how evidence will be gathered  Basis for Comparison (how good is good enough?)

QuestionsIndicatorsData Sources MethodsBasis for comparison Implemented as intended? -Instructional activities -Scope & sequence -teachers -admin Observation Focus group Interview Document PLM Inst’l plans Objectives met? Student learning -students -teachers -pre-posttest -interviews -Baseline -external std. -comparison group