Progressive Presidents Continued Mrs. Sadler 2010

So…does TR deserve the spot?

Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt

William Howard Taft

Taft and Domestic Reform Used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to prosecute Monopolies Endorsed 8 Hour Work Day Prosecuted US Steel in 1910 Preferred not to Bypass Congress like TR Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act – betrayed progressives – supposed to lower tariffs but actually raised them on some goods.

How do people acquire companies? Purchase out right (but need lots of ready cash) Purchase majority of company stocks (51% = control of the company) Hostile takeovers Rockefeller and others created their monopolies this way

Taft as a Progressive Reformer Children’s Bureau in Dept. of Labor Federal Income Tax (16th Amendment) Direct Election of Senators (17th Amend) Restored Land for Conservation Took on 80 Anti-Trust Prosecutions

Robert Lafollette Governor of Wisconsin Progressive – open up the political process to be more democratic, end to political machines Transparency Wisconsin - Laboratory of Democracy

TR and Bull Moose Party Republicans not progressive enough. Starts own party.

Americanization Citizens worried that immigrants were diluting American culture and society Ways of Americanizing/forced assimilation –Use public schools to make immigrant children American –English only –Citizenship –Civics classes in factories/work places

Warm up What was notable about Taft’s presidency?

Woodrow Wilson

The Election of 1912 Taft-Republican Wilson- Democrat Theodore Roosevelt- Progressive or Bull Moose Party Eugene Debs- Socialist Party

Wilson’s New Freedoms Lowering Tariffs Breaking up the power of Wall Street Control Business and break up the trusts

TR’s New Nationalism Regulate, not destroy, Big Business More Direct Democracy in Politics More Government Social Justice Programs

The Election of 1912 Teddy splits Republican votes. Democrat Wilson wins.

Significance of Election of 1912 Featured All Progressives First Election to feature direct primaries Gave Democrats national power Return of the South as national power Reformers switch to the Democratic Party (still associated with that party today)

Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s Legacy Tariff reform – lowers because he believes greater competition will improve American cheaper prices Income tax based on individual/corporate earnings Established Federal Reserve System to monitor interest rates and amount of money in circulation. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – monitors business Clayton Anti-trust Act – legalized trade unions

Wilson & Women’s Suffrage Women did not think he was doing enough National Women’s Party formed to force Wilson to take action. Alice Paul - NWP

Carrie Chapman Catt Suffragette Founded NAWSA – National American Women’s Suffrage Association

Legacy of Progressivism Ends with advent of WWI Never helped black people Greater role for government at every level; local, state, and national

Guess Who? Former governor of California, progressive, Bull Moose Party V.P. Candidate? Hiram Johnson

Guess Who? Big name in labor relations and labor union Legacy - Arbitration Samuel Gompers

Guess Who? Suffragette, founded National Women’s Party, used protest to get Wilson’s attention Alice Paul

Guess who? America’s Herbert Spencer, avid Social Darwinist? Worked with Spencer Herbert William Graham Sumner

Guess Who? Preacher, former baseball player, Leader of Temperance Movement Billy Sunday

Guess Who? Preacher, Publisher, started Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), popularized gospel music Dwight L. Moody

What is the difference? Social Gospel Gospel of Wealth

African - Americans 1905 – W.E.B. Dubois and 28 other black leaders meet and launch Niagara Movement Lead to founding of NAACP ( National Assoc. of the Advancement of Colored People) in Mission to end lynching and racial discrimination (Plessy v. Ferguson)