Programa de Satélites Científicos e Experimentos do INPE MCE Equatorial Atmosphere Research Satellite Monitor e Imageador de Raios-X Missão Clima Espacial 1 2 3

Scientific Satellites  Scientific missions on microsatellites (~200 kg, ~250 W) atmospheric research  EQUARS atmospheric research  EQUARS X-ray astronomy  MIRAX X-ray astronomy  MIRAX space weather  MCE space weather  MCE   Scientific instruments developed at INPE, with significant international collaboration  bringing proven expertise and cost sharing  launcher issue is crucial for mission and for international partnerships – e.g. NASA missions of opportunities CEA

EQUARS EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE

EQUARS: International collaboration RASC: University of Kyoto - GPS UWO: University of Western Ontario - GWIM USU: UtahState University - MLTM USU: Utah State University - MLTM UCAR: University Cooperation for Atmospheric Science, COSMIC - EQUARS Data Analysis & Archive Center NSPO: National Space Program Office, Taiwan - COSMIC and a Ground Station. USP: Universidade de São Paulo - ALIS e EPM

Mass: 124 kg Power: 260 W Dimensions: 70 x 80 x 100 cm ACS: 3-axis Pointing: 1.0 o Earth Stability: o /s TT&C: 1.0 Mbps

EQUARS coordinated measurements Waper vapor Temperature Field variability Gravity wave activities Ionospheric bubble generation Lightning

[ equars ] MLTS ALIS GPS GWIMGPS

EQUARS and EQUARS and COSMIC The joint observations of COSMIC and EQUARS will produce a global monitoring of water vapor, temperature and atmospheric plasma The joint observations of COSMIC and EQUARS will produce a global monitoring of water vapor, temperature and atmospheric plasma This has immediate applications on meteorological forecast and monitoring of the ionosphere and space weather. This has immediate applications on meteorological forecast and monitoring of the ionosphere and space weather. COSMIC project includes UCAR (EUA) and NSPO (Taiwan): 6-satellite constallation with inclinations of 72 o COSMIC (24 hs.)EQUARS (24 hs.)

[ equars ] ALIS – Airglow Limb Imaging System discharging into the stratosphere sprite

[ equars ] IONEX – Ionospheric Experiments (HFC, LP and ETP) Measurements: Electron density Electron density Electron Temperature Electron Temperature Studies: Ionospheric Plasma Bubble Structure Ionospheric Plasma Bubble Structure Generation mechanism of the equatorial plasma bubbles Generation mechanism of the equatorial plasma bubbles

[ equars ] ELISA – Electrostatic Energy Analyser What to measure ? Electron flux and energy spectrum in the ionosphere, 0.1 to 40 keV What to study and application: Energetic electron flux in the equatorial ionosphere and South Atlantic Geomagnetic Anomaly region. Plasma dynamics in the ionospheric plasma bubbles. ELISA

EQUARS’s schedule 05/2001: Announcement of Opportunity 11/2001: 1 st EQUARS Workshop 10/2002: Project selected by INPE 03/2003: Project aproved by AEB 07/2003: 2 nd Workshop (mission definition) 12/ 2003: Preliminary Design Review 09/2004: System Requirements Review 2005/2006: Satellite manufacturing 2006: Integration and testing 2007: Launch

- A Interação Sol-Terra MCE SPACE WEATHER MONITOR

Scientific Aspects of the Mission - A Interação Sol-Terra The Sun continuously emits a plasma supersonic flux, the SOLAR WIND The interaction of the SOLAR WIND with the Earth’s magnetic field forms the MAGNETOSPHERE They Produce: MAGNETIC STORMS and VARIABILITY of the SPACE WEATHER CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS are the first transient phenomena that perturb the SOLAR WIND

Effects over technological systems - In Space: Satellites International Space Station

The currents induced by the strong magnetic storms can cause harm to electrical transmission lines. The geomagnetic storms affect radio comunications. Possibly, the solar activity has influence on the Earth’s climate. Effects over technological systems - On the ground:

A missão completa Russian satellite Brazilian satellite Ucranian satellites

scientific missions preliminary schedule