Winning Independence Ch. 5 Sec. 1.

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Presentation transcript:

Winning Independence Ch. 5 Sec. 1

Ethnic-language groups in Africa African Nationalism Early 1900s: nationalism takes root in African nations Nationalism: pride in one’s country Used to create unity among different ethnic groups forced into a colony together Pan-Africanism: Unifying all of Africa under one gov’t Léopold Sédar Senghor: 1930s Négritude movement: pride in African heritage Ethnic-language groups in Africa Léopold Sédar Senghor

New Nations Emerge WWII: colonial powers weakened by war effort Cold War: US and Soviet Union condemned colonialism & aided nationalist movements By 1950: 4 independent nations ( Liberia, Ethiopia, Egypt, S. Africa) Independence movements: Ghana: boycotted British goods to protest British rule, won independence (1957) Northern Africa: Libya, Tunisia & Morocco gained nationhood peacefully, Algeria goes to war with France (1954-1962), gains nationhood in 1962 Kenya: armed resistance group (the Mau Mau) pushed British out of Kenya (1964) Southern Africa: Angola & Mozambique wage guerilla war against Portugal, independent in 1975

Colonial Legacy Effects of colonial rule Desire for modern technology and European standard of living in Africa Resentment toward colonial powers Disrupted economy Africans had few experienced leaders Rival ethnic groups forced to cooperate

Case Study: Rwanda (1994) Pre-imperialism: 2 tribes Ruling tribe (minority): Tutsi Majority: Hutu Belgian Imperialism: Granted more rights to Tutsi elite Required ID badges for each tribes Appointed Tutsis to positions of leadership Post-imperialism: Hutu resentment of Tutsi mistreatment Hutu president of Rwanda killed in plane crash Hutu military group (Interhamwe) attacked Tutsi citizens Approx. 1 million Tutsis died in 100 days