N. A. Schwadron U. New Hampshire Solar Wind and Coronal Electron Temperature in the Protracted Solar Minimum, the Cycle 24 Mini Maximum, and Over Centuries 1

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 2 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC aa

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 3 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Background - Ulysses McComas et al., ApJ, 2013

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 4 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Protracted Min (23) and Mini Max (24) Dropping solar wind Flux Pressure Magnetic Field Continues trend observed by Ulysses McComas et al., ApJ, 2013

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 5 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Energy-per- particle fixed from the Source Schwadron et al., 2008 Pevtsov et al., 2003

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 6 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Correlated Reduction in Ram Pressure and Magnetic FLux McComas et al., ApJ, 2013

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 7 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Reductions in Magnetic Field & SSN SSN (black) Predicted (red) OMNI (blue) 10 Be (green) Magnetic Flux Balance (Schwadron et al.,, 2010) Goelzer et al., ApJ, 2013

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 8 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC AA Alfven Radius in the Mini Maximum Goelzer et al., JGR, 2014

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 9 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC  Significantly worsening space environment in Cycle 24 Schwadron et al., 2014

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 10 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC B. U. Colloquium, Feb 2008 Paths of deposited Energy Schwadron and McComas, ApJ, 2003 Solar Wind Scaling Law Electron heat conduction and radiative losses Fast wind Cool, Dark Slow wind Warm,Brighter Radiative Loss Hot, Bright

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 11 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 12 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Scaling Law Model - THEN  Only free parameter is expansion factor = 6.2 taken here Similar to 5.8 expansion factor found by Munro & Jackson [1977] Maps to 8-12 G fields

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 13 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Scaling Law Model - NOW  Not Observed rise in coronal temperature in cycle 24

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 14 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Cycle 24 Decay in Coronal Temp 14

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 15 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Historic Period – Dalton-like

Solar Probe Plus A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun 16 Apr 17, 2014 Schwadron - NESSC Conclusions  Protracted Cycle 23 and Mini Max of 24 historic periods of low activity  Affect acting across all/most elements of system  Further more stringent test of coronal scaling law  Weak effect on Alfven radius  Worsening Radiation Environment 16