Acids Lesson 5 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis. Acid Rain Acid Rain is caused by acid anhydrides NO2NO2 N2O4N2O4 automobile pollution coal & smelter pollutionSO3SO3.

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Presentation transcript:

Acids Lesson 5 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis

Acid Rain Acid Rain is caused by acid anhydrides NO2NO2 N2O4N2O4 automobile pollution coal & smelter pollutionSO3SO3 SO2SO2 SO 3 + H 2 O→H 2 SO 4(aq) Rain Acid Rain has pH < 5

Normal Rain has pH = 6 due to dissolved CO 2 CO 2 +H2O+H2O→H 2 CO 3 Acid rain dissolves metal, limestone, concrete structures. Acid rain decreases the pH of lakes and causes toxic metals to leach into them.

Hydrolysis of Salts HCl→NaCl +HOH strong acidstrong baseneutral salt When the acid and base parents are both strong the salt is always neutral. NaCl Consider the acid and base that makes NaCl 1.Neutral Salts +NaOH

→ Na + +Cl - A neutral salt will dissociate in water Cross off ions from strong parents that are neutral. NaCl

Cross off all bold ions- they do not hydrolyze and are neutral Neutral Acidic

Cross off all bold ions- they do not hydrolyze and are neutral Remaining amphriprotic ions are acidic Neutral Acidic Basic

→ Na + +Cl - A neutral salt will dissociate in water no ions to hydrolyze- neutral Cross off ions from strong parents that are neutral. NaCl

Hydrolysis of Salts → NaCN +HOHHCN weak acidstrong basebasic salt ConsiderNaCNConsider the acid and base that makes NaCN +NaOH 2.Basic Salts

basic

→ Na + + CN - A basic salt will first dissociate in water CN - ⇄ HCN+OH - Hydrolysis neutralbase- negative ions are bases NaCN +H 2 O

Hydrolysis of Salts 3.Acidic Salts →NH 4 ClHCl strong acidweak baseacid salt NH 4 Cl +NH 3

NH 3 is a weak base

NH 4 Cl → NH Cl - positive ion- acid neutralacid NH 4 + ⇄H3O+⇄H3O+ Hydrolysis + NH 3 + H 2 O

4.Acidic Salts acid saltweak basestrong acid →FeCl 3 +3HOH3HCl FeCl 3 +Fe(OH) 3

Fe 3+ OH - H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O

Fe 3+ OH - H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O Hydronium ion

FeCl 3 Fe(H 2 O) 6 3+ ⇄ H + +Fe(H 2 O) 5 (OH) 2+ positive ion - acid Hydrolysis- when the positive or negative ion in a salt reacts with water as an acid or base. Look for the reaction on the acid chart! → Fe 3+ +3Cl -