Chapter 8 Acids, Bases, and pH.

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Chapter 8 Acids, Bases, and pH

The pH scale pH scale is labeled 0-14 7 = neutral 0-7 = acids, 7-14 = bases “weak”, closer to 7 “strong”, closer to 0 or 14

Acids (0-7) A compound that produces hydronium (H30+) ions when dissolved in H20 Example: HCl + H20  H30+ + Cl- Sour taste, react with metals, produce color changes in indicators Examples: fruit, shampoo, vinegar

Bases (7-14) A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in H20 Example: NaOH + H2O  Na+ + OH- Bitter taste, slippery feel, produces color changes in indicators. Example: deodorant, Tums (antacid), soap

Neutralization The rxn of acid + base Example: H+ + OH-  H20 Neutral substances will not produce color changes in indicators.

Neutralization and Salts The negative ions of an acid combine with the positive ions of a base to produce an ionic compound called a salt. The neutralization reaction between acid and base produces a salt and water. (H3O+ + Cl-) + (Na+ + OH-)  2HOH + (Na+ + Cl-) acid base water salt

Indicators Something that indicates the pH of a solution or substance Examples: Natural (some flowers, cabbage juice, red onion juice) pH paper (Litmus blue or red, universal)