Functional Groups

Groups of atoms attached to a carbon chain that determine the chemistry of the molecule Usually combinations of C and H Identify and name compounds by the functional groups 7 main functional groups

Alkanes –Single bonded Carbons Alkenes –Double bonded Carbons Alkynes –Triple bonded Carbons

Aldehydes –Contains carbonyl group Ketones –Contains carbonyl group Ethers –Oxygen in the middle

Carboxylic Acids –Contain a carboxyl group Alcohols –Contains an OH group Esters –Combination of Acid and Alcohol

Amines - –Contain Nitrogen in functional group

Alcohols Alcohols end in –ol Need to number the position of the alcohol group –Except in one or two carbon chains

Name the following

Aldehydes Aldehydes end in –al Give the name of the longest carbon chain Functional group must be at the end of the chain

Name the following

Ketones Ketones end in –one Must number the position of the functional group Cannot be at the 1 position –Those are aldehydes Common names have the alkyl groups on either side of the functional groups and end in ketone

Name the following

Ethers Ethers end in ether Name the left and right alkyl groups then put an ether after it. Separate with a space and alphabetize Can also be oxy- groups -O-CH 3 is is methoxy group

Name the following

Carboxylic Acids End in –oic Acid Name longest carbon chain

Name the following

Esters Esters end in –oate (I don’t know why) Name group off single bonded O then the rest of the carbon chain. Put a space between

Name the following

Amines Three ways Common Names end in amine IUPAC Amine group is named as an amino substituent Chemical Abstracts (CA) named as alkan-amines

Give an acceptable name for the following

Homework p ab 7.2a p ac 8.2a p ac 9.2 acd p a 10.2bd 10.4a p p a 11.4a

Name the following