Organic Identification Activity hyacinth roses Lab This lab kit can be purchased from Flinn Scientific (Batavia, IL)

mushroom vinegar

orange caraway seeds

spearmint wintergreen

cinnamon geranium

menthol vanilla

banana pear

strawberry black licorice

coconut peach

violets jasmine

hyacinthroses mushroom vinegar orange caraway seeds spearmint wintergreen cinnamon geranium menthol vanilla bananapear black licorice coconut peach violets jasmine strawberry

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Esters An ester is similar to a carboxylic acid, but the acidic hydrogen has been replaced by an alkyl group H O CCC H H OH H H a carboxylic acid H O CCC H CH 3 OH H H an ester methyl propanoate methyl group propanoic acid from propanoic acid R – C – O – R’ O

Naming Esters Name the following ester: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COCH 2 CH 3 O Step 1) the ester alkyl group (R’) = ethyl Step 2) the acid (R) = butanoic acid Step 3) the name = ethyl butanoate R – C – O – R’ O

Formation of an Ester H OH CCC H O HH H C H H+ H CH H H C H HO H O CCC H O HH H C H H + H CH H H C H H butyric acid (butanoic acid) ethyl alcohol ethyl butyrate (tastes and smells like pineapple)  water

H CCH H H H H C CC HH HOH 2-pentanone C 5 H 10 O Ketone R' RC O 12345

methyl propanoate C4H8O2C4H8O2 Ester H CH H C O CC H OH H H H O RC O R' carbons = propane 1) Name the R' first 2) Find carbon chain and include the carbonyl carbon. 3) Drop the ending and add -yl (R' = methyl)

Ester H CCH 3 O HC O O RC O R' Raspberry CH 2 H O CC H OH CH Banana CH 2 (CH 2 ) 6 H O CC H OH CH 3 Orange CH 3

Ester O RC O R' CH 2 H O CC H OH CH 3 Pear Peach CH 2 H O CC H OH C C CC CC H H H H H

Esters Labs Derivatives of Salicylic Acid Lab Synthesis of Esters Lab

1) salicylic acid + methanol  methyl salicylate + HOCH 3 + H 2 O H +, heat Esterification reactions Note that many of these names have been left as common names

2) salicylic acid + isoamyl alcohol  isoamyl salicylate + + H 2 O H +, heat

3) acetic acid + isoamyl alcohol  isoamyl acetate + H 2 O H +, heat +

4) propanoic acid + isobutyl alcohol  isobutyl propionate + H 2 O H +, heat +