Alcohols. Complete Combustion of Alcohols IB Chemistry SL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8J9kif9KYuU&index=22&list=PL73D2B CC23E83D555 Oxidation reactions.

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Presentation transcript:

Alcohols

Complete Combustion of Alcohols IB Chemistry SL CC23E83D555 Oxidation reactions of alcohols 4&index=23&list=PL73D2BCC23E83D555 Oxidation of primary, secondary alcohols Ypps_Io&index=24&list=PL73D2BCC23E83D555

Cr 2 O 7 -2  Cr +3 Breath Analyzer detects ethanol

Reactions of alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters. State uses E83D555 Deduce structures of the polymers formed by alcohols and carboxylic acids &index=39 ESTERIFICATION = CONDENSATION

Ester

Nucleophilic addition - Formation of alcohols The incoming nucleophile simply ‘pushes’ the electrons in the pi bond up to the oxygen. The oxygen acts as a base, abstracting a proton from a nearby acid group in the solvent ex: H 2 O Ketone Secondary alcohol R R

Carboxylic acids are REDUCED to primary alcohols H -, H 2 O CH 3 COOH + 2 [H]  CH 3 CH 2 OH Aldehydes are REDUCED to primary alcohols H -, H 2 O CH 3 CHO + 2 [H]  CH 3 CH 2 OH Ketones are REDUCED to secondary alcohols H -, H 2 O CH 3 COCH [H]  CH 3 CHOHCH 3 Nucleophilic addition - Formation of alcohols with NaBH 4 or LiAlH 4

Nucleophilic addition - Formation of alcohols You need to know : The reducing agent (NaBH4 or LiAlH4) provides one H - which is nucleophilic while the solvent provides the second H The mechanism with curly arrows is not required