Evolution of Eukaryotic Diversity Kingdom Protista Chapter 28 Evolution of Eukaryotic Diversity Kingdom Protista

History of Classification

I. Endosymbiotic Theory

II. Kingdom Protista Most diverse of all kingdoms Classification difficult; created more for convenience

A. General Characteristics Eukaryotic Most single-celled, some colonial, some multicellular Neither animals, plants or fungi Auto or heterotrophs; some mixotrophs Many have either cilia or flagella with 9+2 microtubule arrangement at some point in life cycle Varied life cycle: alternation of generation, to predominant multicellular diploid life, or predominant multicellular haploid life

B. 3 Major Categories Animal-like (protozoa) Algae or plant-like (photosynthetic) Fungal-like

III. Animal-Like Protists Called Protozoa May have given rise to animals Asexual or sexual reproduction Many form cysts (resistant bodies) and wait out stressful conditions Usually non-photosynthetic heterotrophs

Rhizopoda (Amoeba) amoeba video

Actinopoda (Actinopods, Foraminiferans) Radiolarian Foraminifean

Zoomastigina (zooflagellates) Giardia lamblia Trypansoma Trichomonas vaginalis

Ciliophora (Ciliates) Stentor Video

Apicomplexa (Sporozoa)

IV. Algae and Plant-like Protists Photosynthetic!! Many have flagella and are often mistaken to be animal-like protists All have chll a, carotenoids, other forms of chll, and other accessory pigments Not considered true plants due to lack of plant structures such as a waxy cuticle

Euglenophyta (Euglenoids) videos

Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates) video

Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) video

Chrysophyta (Golden Algae)

Chlorophyta (Green Algae) Volvox Video

Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)

Rhodophyta (Red Algae)

Fungal-like Protists Form filaments (spore-bearing bodies) similar to fungus

Acrasiomycota (cellular slime molds)

Myxomycota (Plasmodial Slime Molds) video

Oomycota (Water molds, downey mildews, white rust)