Nuclear Chemistry The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons Multiple nuclei is.

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Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Chemistry

The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons Multiple nuclei is called nucleons = Nuclide

X A Z Mass number Atomic number Element symbol = number of protons + number of neutrons = number of protons

U U There are many types of uranium: Mass # Atomic # Number of protons Number of neutrons Mass # Atomic # Number of protons Number of neutrons

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons is a….. ISOTOPE

Most naturally occurring isotopes are stable.

Atoms want to be stable

Ratio of p + to n 0 determines…. Nucleus Stability

Radioactive Decay (radioactivity) Unstable nuclei decomposes into stable nuclei, this is called…

an alpha particle (  ), a beta particle (  ), or a gamma ray  Radioactive Decay emits:

An alpha particle is identical to that of a helium nucleus. It contains two protons and two neutrons. Alpha Decay He 4 2

Alpha Decay Ra Rn He 4 2

X A Z Y A - 4 Z He 4 2 Alpha Decay unstable atom more stable atom alpha particle

Alpha Decay Rn Ra He 4 2 Ra He 4 2 Th U Th He 4 2

Alpha Decay + Pb He 4 2 Po Rn Po He 4 2

Symbol CompositionRangeShield Alpha Particle He or α Helium Beta Particle Gamma Ray short Paper, skin

Beta Decay is a fast moving electron. Created when a n 0 changes into a p + & e -

Beta Decay Po  0 At

X A Z Y A Z  0 Beta Decay unstable atom more stable atom beta particle

Beta Decay Pa Th  0 At Po  0

Beta Decay Bi Po  0 -1 Pb Tl  0 Bi  0 Pb

Symbol CompositionRangeShield Alpha Particle He or α Helium Beta Particle e - or β Electron Gamma Ray short Paper, skin Heavy Clothing, glass, light metals, plastic

Gamma Decay Not a charged particle it is energy. Electromagnetic radiation with high frequency

Draw the correct wave

Symbol CompositionRangeShield Alpha Particle He or α Helium Beta Particle e - or β Electron Gamma Ray  Photons (electromagnetic spectrum) short Paper, skin Heavy Clothing, glass, light metals, plastic Long Lead or concrete

Half Life: Time for half of the radioactive nuclide to decay 1. How much of a 100 g sample of 198 Au is left over 8.10 days if its half-life is 2.70 days?

2. A 50.0 g sample of 16 N decays to 12.5 g in 14.4 seconds. What is the half-life?

3. The half life of 42 K is 12.4 hours. How much of a 750g sample is left over after 62.0 hours?

4. What is the half-life of 99 Tc if a 500 g sample decays to 62.5g in 639, 000 years?

5. There are 5.0 g of 131I left after days. How many grams were in the original sample if its half-life is 8.07 days?