Marine Biology The Study of Life

I. Science -an ongoing, inquiry-based process to understand the world around us -relies on evidence -challenges accepted theories -undergoes peer review

II.Scientific Method -a logical series of problem solving procedures A.Ask an Experimental Question B.Form a Hypothesis - a testable explanation

C.Collect Data 1.Controlled Experiment a)Experimental Group: -the part of an experiment exposed to the experimental factor b)Control Group: -the part of the experiment that does not receive the experimental factor -used for comparison

2.Experimental Design a)Manipulated (independent) Variable - the one variable being tested (experimental factor) b)Responding (dependent) Variable - a variable that is measured in a controlled experiment - changes in the responding variable result from changes in the manipulated variable c)Constants (Controlled Variables) - factors that remain fixed during an experiment

3.Data -information gained from observations -Quantitative: numerical (metric system used) -Qualitative: descriptive Jane Goodall collecting qualitative data on chimpanzee behavior

D.Analyze the Data -look for patterns to explain the data -graphs, tables, and statistical analysis used

E.Report Conclusions - Is the hypothesis supported or rejected by the data? - Experimental findings are subjected to peer review. - If the experiment has merit, it may be published.

F.What is a Theory? - explanation that is continually supported by evidence - help us understand the world - used to make predictions

CH. 1 Biology: The Study of Life I.What is Biology? Science: an ongoing inquiry into the world around us Biology: the study of living things

Organism : -an individual living thing - has all the characteristics of life

II. Characteristics of life: A.Organization: O H H CH 2 OH Subatomic ElectronNeutronProton NitrogenCarbonHydrogenOxygen DNAGlucoseWater NucleusChloroplastMitochondrion Nerve Cell Atomic Molecular Organelle Cellular

II. Characteristics of life: A.Organization: Tissue Nervous Tissue Brain Nervous System Pronghorn Antelope Organ Organ System Organism

II. Characteristics of life: A.Organization: Population Herd of Pronghorns Hawk Water Earth’s surface Community Ecosystem Biosphere Pronghorns Hawk Grass Pronghorns Snake Bushes Soil Air Snake

II. Characteristics of life: - Made up of Cells unicellular vs. multicellular Leaf tissue Paramecium and Didinium A. Organization:

B.Reproduction - asexual vs. sexual E. coli showing binary fissionHuman egg and sperm Click on picture

B.Reproduction parents: - asexual vs. sexual offspring: 12 genetically identical genetically unique

1 cell splitting into 2 cells B. Reproduction Asexual or sexual?

B. Reproduction Asexual or sexual? Beetle pollinating a flower

B. Reproduction Asexual or sexual?

B. Reproduction Asexual or sexual? Hydra budding

B. Reproduction Asexual or sexual? Earthworms Mating

B. Reproduction Asexual or sexual? Sheep clones

C.Growth and Development 1. Growth: -increase in size or number of cells Sea Urchin Early Embryonic Development Click on picture

C.Growth and Development 1. Growth: Roundworm Embryonic Development Click on picture

C. Growth and Development 2. Development: - increase in complexity Egg Hatching Monarch Butterfly Development

C. Growth and Development 2. Development: - increase in complexity Larva Eating Monarch Butterfly Development

C. Growth and Development 2. Development: - increase in complexity Chrysalis Pupating Monarch Butterfly Development

C. Growth and Development 2. Development: - increase in complexity Monarch Butterfly Development Adults Emerging

C. Growth and Development 2. Development: - increase in complexity Common Whelk

D. Response to Environment Mia Hamm

D. Response to Environment

- maintaining a constant internal environment necessary for life Homeostasis :

E. Obtain and Use Energy 1. autotrophs: - make their own food 2. heterotrophs: - get food from other organisms Cycad photosynthesizing Praying Mantis eating a Grasshopper

F. Evolution - gradual accumulation of useful adaptations over time

F. Evolution - gradual accumulation of useful adaptations over time

The End