Chap 7 – The Skeleton Learning Objectives: Name and describe the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, shoulder, hip, arm, and leg. Name and describe the important markings on these bones as well as any sutures. Describe vertebrae structure and distinguish between cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Differentiate between true and false ribs. Begin reading Chap 7 (at least 1/3 of it covering the skull, cranium, and facial bones. Review anatomical parts related to. Finish your reinforcement exercise.

PREDICT TBA in Class NOTE: The skull is the cranium plus facial bones (including jaw)

Cranium __ major cranial bones – two _____, two ______, _______, ________, sphenoid, and ethmoid Also contains ‘minor’ bones of the middle ___ (we will study those later in Chap 13) Cranial bones are thin and remarkably strong for their weight

Anterior View Label the cranial bones (ones that are encircled in red) ONLY for now!

Posterior View Label red encircled structure ONLY for now. It is the last of the cranial bones.

Quick Check 1. How many bones in the cranium? 2. List the main bones of the cranium in your notes now.

Individual Practice: Getting To Know the Cranial Bones & Markings Important Markings Answer Choices (Cranial Bones) 1. Styloid process pg 180 a. Frontal pg. 179 2. Supraorbital foramen pg 179 b. Parietal pg. 179 3. Mastoid process pg 180 c. Occipital pg. 179 4. Sella turcica pg. 182 d. Temporal pg. 179 5. Crista galli pg. 180 e. Sphenoid pg. 179 6. Zygomatic process pg. 180 f. Ethmoid pg. 179 7. Foramen magnum pg. 182 8. Cribriform plate pg. 182 9. Internal acoustic meatus pg. 182 10. Occipital condyle pg. 182 11. Mandibular fossa pg. 186 12. Foramen ovale pg. 182 13. Middle nasal conchae pg. 179 14. Jugular foramen pg. 182 15. External acoustic meatus pg. 182 16. Hypoglossal canal pg. 182 17. Optic canal pg. 179 18. Foramen rotundum pg. 182 19. Foramen spinosum pg. 182 20. Sup. oribital fissure pg. 179 Individual Practice: Getting To Know the Cranial Bones & Markings Instructions: A) Using Table 7.1 on pages 190 – 191, complete the following exercise by matching the letter of the correct answer. Answers can be used more than once. B) Additionally for your benefit, take time to locate each marking & bone on one of the diagrams on pages 179 – 182; 186. NOTE: TO BE COMPLETED IN CLASS. If you do this ahead of time, please be aware that you will need to practice this again in class (you will not be given free time to visit or chat with your neighbor)

Frontal Bone Forms the anterior portion of the cranium Label bones with me. Label only the ones I indicate on your practice diagrams. Forms the anterior portion of the cranium Major markings include the supraorbital margins

Parietal Bones Four sutures mark the articulations of the parietal bones Coronal suture – articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly Squamosal or squamous suture – where parietal and temporal bones meet Sagittal suture – where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly Lambdoid suture – where parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

Occipital Bone Forms most of skull’s posterior wall and base Major markings include: occipital condyles foramen magnum hypoglossal canal

Temporal Bones Major markings include: - zygomatic process - mastoid process - styloid processes - mandibular fossa

Sphenoid Butterfly-shaped bone Forms the central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones Consists of: - greater wings - lesser wings - pterygoid processes Major markings: - sella turcica Major openings include: - foramen rotundum - foramen ovale - foramen spinosum - optic canals - superior orbital fissure

Ethmoid Most deep of the skull bones; lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits Major markings include: - crista galli - cribriform plate - nasal conchae

Individual Practice: Facial Bones, pg 191 Instructions: This practice should answer the questions, “What is it? And “Where is it located?” Match up the bone with its description. If you finish before most people, spend your time locating the 8 facial bones mentioned here on pages 180 – 189. Facial Bone Answer Choices (descriptions) 1. vomer a. constructs bridge of the nose 2. inferior nasal concha b. forms part of lateral wall of the nasal cavity 3. zygomatic c. forms parts of the medial orbit wall 4. nasal d. forms posterior part of the hard palate & a small part of nasal cavity and orbit wall 5. maxilla e. forms upper jaw and parts of the hard palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls 6. mandible f. forms cheek and part of orbit 7. lacrimal g. part of nasal septum 8. palatine h. lower jaw

Facial Bones _____ (upper jaw) ______ bones

Facial Bones continued 6. ________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _____ 7. _______ 8. Inf. Nasal ______

Reinforcement Exercise Label remaining practice diagrams (following parts only): Pg 189 – optic canal, lacrimal bone, zygomatic bone (blue one), zygomatic process, greater wing, lesser wing, supraorbital foramen Page 190 – superior/middle/inf meatus, sphenoid sinus, pterygoid process, palatine bone (both), maxillary bone, nasal bone, inf/ middle, sup. nasal concha (all 3; NOTE - 2 of which make up the ethmoid bone), vomer, sella turcica, crista galli, cribriform plate