Myths of the Immortals : Zeus and Hera

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Myths of the Immortals : Zeus and Hera

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Presentation transcript:

Myths of the Immortals : Zeus and Hera Chapter Six Myths of the Immortals : Zeus and Hera

Zeus and Hera Cronos’ myth contradictory: a tyran or wise ruler of the Golden Age Six children of Cronos and Rhea are the first Olympians: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Hestia, Hades (Aphrodite born of his severed genitals in one version of her birth)

Zeus and Hera All except Hades lived on Olympus There will be a total of 12 – or 13 or 14 – Olympians Zeus is the great father/king of this court of gods and goddesses

Zeus and Hera God Competence 1. Zeus Storms 6. Apollo Wisdom 2. Hera Family 7. Artemis Hunt 3. Hestia Hearth 8. Hephaestus Forge 4. Demeter Harvest 9. Athena Knowledge Hades Underworld 10. Ares War 5. Poseidon Sea 11. Hermes Trade 12. Aphrodite Sex

Zeus, Lord of the Sky Indo-European sky god (di-) Like Tiu (Germanic) in Tuesday; Dyspater - Jupiter Lived in the mountains (Olympus, Mt. Ida near Troy) and brought storms (his thunderbolt) By far the most powerful of the gods

Zeus, Lord of the Sky Symbol of his power is the aigis Animals are the bull and the eagle Guardian of justice (the way) Protector of xenia But was not more powerful than fate (?) Sarpedon

Zeus, Lord of the Sky Zeus the sky-god acquires features of the male, fertility consort of the earth-mother Crete – the tomb of Zeus? Hera, an original earth-mother, is “demoted” to be his wife. Original wife (Dione from north)? Through sexual generation, he structures the world

Zeus, Lord of the Sky Metis “cleverness” – Athena strength and judgment Themis “established law”– Horae (Eirenê, Eunomiê, Dikê) Moerae (fates) (Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos) Mnemosyne “memory”– 9 Muses Dione “shinning one” -- Aphrodite

Zeus, Lord of the Sky Zeus and Ganymede Zeus takes on many aspects of a Greek aristocrat, such as pederasty

Hera, Queen of Heaven

Hera, Queen of Heaven Marriage, sexuality, fertility Her children with Zeus Eileithyia, Hebe, Ares Mother of Hephaestus (?) Other versions of Hephaestus’s birth Hera alone born or made lame?

Hera, Queen of Heaven Some of the most magnificent temples are to her (a Heraeum) Argos (Argives) Persecuted Zeus’s paramours and sometimes their offspring Heracles “glory of Hera” Join a temporary rebellion with Poseidon and Athena

Zeus and Hera at Home on Olympus A tempestuous marriage The scene between Thetis at Zeus from the Iliad shows Zeus walked on egg shells to avoid irritating Hera Hephaestus, their children intervenes to stop the fight

Anthropomorphism Gods are humanshaped and humanlike, an inheritance perhaps from Mesopotamian traditions They eat and drink (special divine substances to be sure).

Anthropomorphism They laugh, get angry and jealous, and can even be wounded. Anthropomorphism makes interesting narrative and great myths

Anthropomorphism Hundreds of other minor deities flesh out the world Nymphs, Nereids, Oceanids, etc.

End