Minerals & Rocks  You must know:  Definition of a mineral & a rock  8 Physical Properties of a mineral  Mohs’ Hardness Scale  3 classification of rocks and origin  The Rock Cycle

Minerals & Rocks  Minerals  Natural occurring substance,  compound with a crystal structure

Minerals & Rocks  Physical Properties  8 properties (for identification) Color Streak Hardness Mohs’ Hardness Scale 1 – 10 1 – 7 Most commonly used Table 17.2 p. 439 Crystal shape Cleavage Fracture Density Luster

Minerals & Rocks Tia was a gypsy who liked to walk her cat and had a friend named Flora, who had an apatite for orthoclase and quartz.

Minerals & Rocks  Mohs’ Hardness Scale  Talc1  Gypsum2  Calcite 3  Fluorite4  Apatite5  Orthoclase6  Quartz7  Topaz8  Corundum9  Diamond10

Minerals & Rocks 1. Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

Minerals & Rocks 2. Gypsum CaSO 4. 2H 2 O

Minerals & Rocks 3. Calcite CaCO 3

Minerals & Rocks 4. Fluorite CaF 2

Minerals & Rocks 5. Apatite CaF

Minerals & Rocks 6. Orthoclase KAlSi 3 O 8

Minerals & Rocks 7. Quartz SiO 2

Minerals & Rocks 8. Topaz Al 2 SiO 4 (F,OH) 2

Minerals & Rocks 9. Corundum (Ruby) Al 2 O 3

Minerals & Rocks 10. Diamond (Hope Diamond) C Length mm Width mm Depth mm

Minerals & Rocks Galena PbS

Minerals & Rocks  Rocks  A collection of one or more minerals brought together into a cohesive solid.  Classification  Sedimentary  Igneous Intrusive Magma Extrusive Lava  Metamorphic

Minerals & Rocks Sedimentary Limestone

Minerals & Rocks Sedimentary Sandstone

Minerals & Rocks Igneous Granite

Minerals & Rocks Igneous Obsidian

Minerals & Rocks Metamorphic Marble

Minerals & Rocks Metamorphic Slate

Minerals & Rocks  Crystal structure  Course grain  Fine grain  The Rock Cycle  Figure 17.23

Minerals & Rocks Rock Cycle