Warm –Up  Grab a sheet off the red stool and begin working!!!

Trends in Antebellum America: New intellectual and religious movements. 2.Social reforms. 3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4.Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5.Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. 6.Increase in American nationalism. 7.Further westward expansion. 1.New intellectual and religious movements. 2.Social reforms. 3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4.Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5.Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. 6.Increase in American nationalism. 7.Further westward expansion.

“Manifest Destiny”  First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in  The belief that America had the god given right to expand the U.S.’s borders from “sea to shining sea” by John Gast, 1872

Manifest Destiny - belief that the U.S. had the right to all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Manifest Destiny: VideoManifest Destiny: Video (1:51)

Manifest Destiny 

Louisiana Purchase  1803  Thomas Jefferson  Doubled the size of the nation

Missouri Compromise of 1820  Missouri enters as a slave state  Maine enters as a free state  Line between free and slave states set at 36º30’ latitude for states formed out of Louisiana Territory  SIGNIFICANCE: The nation compromises! The nation will maintain a balance between free and slave states.

Warm-Up  What is Manifest Destiny??? What were the Americans trying to do? Who suffered because of the Americans’ belief of Manifest Destiny?

Settlers Headed to Oregon

The Oregon & Santa Fe Trail (1840s)

Sante Fe Trail  Busiest & most well known avenue of trade  780 Miles from Independence, MO to Sante Fe, New Mexico  Each Spring between 1821 & 1860 Missouri Traders set out for Sante Fe.  They traveled the first 150 miles alone & then formed bands to protect each other from Indians  Once they reached Sante Fe, they traded in the Mexican Province

Oregon Trail  Route from Independence, MO to Portland, Oregon  Marcus & Marcissa Whitman made their way into Oregon Territory  There they set up mission schools to convert Native Americans to Christianity  Attracted other pioneers because of its fertile soil & abundant rain fall  The trip took months, many died from sickness such as Fever, diarrhea & cholera

Overland Immigration to the West  Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!"  1844 – Presidential Candidate James Polk supported the 54°, 40’ as boundary for annexation of Oregon Idea of manifest destiny "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!“ (northern border of Oregon Country)  1846 – Britain cedes Oregon Country to the U.S. Establish the 49 th Parallel as the border between British Canada and the U.S.  1848 – U.S. portion of Oregon Country became Oregon Territory

Mormons Headed to Utah   Joseph Smith established the Latter Day Saints (Mormons) in the Midwest  In the Midwest, they experienced conflict because of social, political, and religious beliefs  Brigham Young established The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and moved west to the Great Basin in Utah

The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847

The Doomed Donner Party James Reed & Wife Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen  Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! CANNIBALISM ! ! CANNIBALISM ! !

Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the Texan Revolution.

Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston ( ) Steven Austin ( )

Texas Independence  At first Mexicans encourage American settlement.  Conflicts over cultural issues, including slavery  Americans who live there a rebellious bunch—start to talk of taking Texas as their own.

Texas Independence  Austin travels to Mexico City to present petitions for greater self-government for Texas to Santa Anna  Santa Anna (Mexican president) suspends the 1824 Mexican constitution & locks Austin up for trying to start a revolution  This caused other Texans to rebel (Texas Revolution)

Texas Independence  Texans attacked & drove Mexican forces away from the Alamo (fort)  In response Santa Anna attacked the troops at the Alamo & killed all 187 defenders  Six weeks after the defeat of the Alamo, Sam Houston led an attack at the Battle of Jacinto  Slogan “Remember the Alamo!”

Texas Independence  Santa Anna forced to sign Treaty of Velasco  Texas becomes independent.  Southern Americans want to bring Texas into the United States but cant because Northerners think they are trying to expand slavery

The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!

Mexican American War Cause of the War

The Road to War  Polk elected in 1844, many see as mandate for manifest destiny.  Desire to acquire California—American settlers already living there.  Conflicts with Mexico over American claims and boundary disputes.

The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845 Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-U border. US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000. US would buy California at any price. REFUSED!. Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-U border. US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000. US would buy California at any price. REFUSED!. John Slidell

The Mexican War ( ) 1846: Polk orders troops to march from the Nueces to the Rio Grande. Provoked Mexican Army into firing first Declaration of war despite those who asked for “spot resolutions” (Lincoln)

Divisions over War Southerners want war—will expand slavery Northerners oppose it for exact same reason --Anti-slavery groups take the lead

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River. Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico. U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000). MEXICO LOST HALF OF ITS TERRITORY IN ALL! Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River. Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico. U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000). MEXICO LOST HALF OF ITS TERRITORY IN ALL! The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico !

Legacies of Mexican-American War  “Small war”—not many lives lost  Gained a ton of land (increased size of US by 1/3)  Prepared military and soldiers for Civil War  Led to Mexican resentment  Rearoused issue of slavery which would lead to Civil War WILMOT PROVISO

Manifest Destiny - belief that the U.S. had the right to all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Manifest Destiny: VideoManifest Destiny: Video (1:51)