Unit 12 Reconstruction

12.1 Civil War Effects

Reconstruction Era 1865-1877 Period after Civil War Issue: How South would be admitted back into Union

Freedmans bureau Expanded education purposes Helped freed slaves food, clothing, and medical care Asked for: “20 acres and mule”

Black Codes laws passed in the South during Reconstruction to limit the opportunities for freedmans. Made it Illegal to: Hold public office Travel freely Serve on juries

Compromise of 1877 The election of 1876 was very close Congress would decide who would win the election In a deal with Southern states, Rutherford B Hayes promised to remove soldiers if they voted for him to win the election Cause: During Reconstruction the military was sent to police the Southern states and were put in charge of the gov’t to make sure the S’ern states did not return to their old ways Effect: R B Hayes promised to remove the soldiers in exchange for the southern congressional votes to help him win the tiebreaker

Reconstruction Legislation (LAWS) 12.2 Reconstruction Legislation (LAWS)

Civil Rights Bill Guaranteed freedman’s rights AKA: 14th amendment

Reconstruction Act of 1867 Union established military rule over former Confederate states Union troops helped register freedman to vote Former Confederate leaders could not vote

Jim Crow Laws laws passed to bypass laws created by the Radical Republicans(North) Jim Crow laws functioned to keep black and white people separated: Schools, marriage, voting Examples: No colored person shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls. Separate rooms [shall] be provided for the teaching of pupils of African descent

Homestead Act of 1862 Any citizen could occupy 160 acres of land If the property were “improved” after 5 yrs the owner would be given the land Attracted poor people and immigrants 1.4 million homestead sites were granted

Dawes Act Purpose was to protect the Indian society Each indian family was given 160 acres The surplus was taken by the Gov’t Tribal ownership disappeared The Indian culture was greatly affected

Morril Act Each state was given 30,000 acres of land per congress member Ex: 30,000 x 20=600,000 State would sell land and use $ to fund public colleges Ex: A&M - Tech schools

People During Reconstruction 12.3 People During Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson Took over for Lincoln after was assasinated Followed Lincoln’s plan for leniency toward Southern states Pardoned most rebel leaders Was almost impeached He fired the security of war which was unconstitutional

Rutherford B Hayes Became the 19th POTUS b/c of the Compromise of 1877 Compromise states that in a POTUS election run-off (tie) Hayes would win if Federal troops were removed and Reconstruction ended his victory ended Reconstruction

Carpetbaggers/Scalawags Southerners who sided with the North Carpetbaggers: Northerners who went South

Sharecroppers Were given land, tools, livestock from plantation owners Plantation owners took advantage of the uneducated farmers (Credit Card example) Were slaves to their loans Created fake money Made sharecroppers buy overpriced tools from them with fake money

Klu Klux Klan Secret society Sought to destroy the Republican party in the South Intimidated free African- americans and any race who helped them

Hiram Rhodes Revels US Senator 1st African American senator Elected in 1870 Spoke out against racial segragation Helped recruit African Americans during War