1 HoneyNets

2 Introduction Definition of a Honeynet Concept of Data Capture and Data Control Generation I vs. Generation II Honeynets Description of the Georgia Tech Campus Network Current Vulnerabilities on the Internet

3 Shortcomings Associated with Firewalls 1. The firewall cannot protect against attacks that bypass it, such as a dial–in or dial-out capability. 2. The firewall at the network interface does not protect against internal threats. 3. The firewall cannot protect against the transfer of virus–laden files and programs

4 Shortcomings Associated with Intrusion Detection Systems 1.Increase Complexity of Security Management of Network 2.High Level of False Positive and False Negative Alerts 3.Must Know Signature or Anomoly Detection Pattern

5 Definition of a Honeynet Network Established Behind a Reverse Firewall Captures All In-Bound and Out-Bound Traffic Any Type of System Network is Intended To Be Compromised All Honeynet traffic is suspicious

6 Data Capture and Data Control Data Capture  Collect all information entering and leaving the Honeynet covertly for future analysis Data Control  Covertly protect other networks from being attacked and compromised by computers on the Honeynet

7 Generation I vs. Generation II GEN I Honeynet  Simple Methodology, Limited Capability  Highly effective at detecting automated attacks  Use Reverse Firewall for Data Control  Can be fingerprinted by a skilled hacker  Runs at OSI Layer 3 GEN II Honeynet  More Complex to Deploy and Maintain  Examine Outbound Data and make determination to block, pass, or modify data  Runs at OSI Layer 2

8 Georgia Tech Campus Network Students, 5000 Staff, 69 Departments networked computers on campus Average data throughput 600Mbps/4 terabytes per day NO FIREWALL BETWEEN CAMPUS & INTERNET!  Why? Requirement for Academic Freedom, high throughput  However, individual enclaves within Georgia Tech use firewalls IDS is run at campus gateway  Out of band monitoring and follow-on investigation

9 Establishment of the Honeynet on the Georgia Tech Campus Established in Summer of 2002 Uses Open Source Software Initially Established As One Honeynet Machine behind the firewall IP Address Range Provided by Georgia Tech Office of Information Technology (OIT)

10 Georgia Tech Honeynet

11 Hardware and Software No Requirement for State of the Art Equipment (Surplus Equipment) No Production Systems Minimum Traffic Use Open Source Software (SNORT, Ethereal, MySQL DB, ACID) Use Reverse Firewall Script Developed by Honeynet.org

12 Intrusion Detection System Used with HoneyNet SNORT  Open Source  Signature-Based, with Anomaly-Based Plug-in Available  Can Write Customized Signatures Run Two Separate SNORT Sessions  One Session to Check Against Signature Database  One Session to Capture All Inbound/Outbound Traffic

13 Analysis Console for Intrusion Detection (ACID)

14 Logging and Review of Data Honeynet Data is stored in two separate locations  Alert Data is stored in SQL database  Packet Capture Data is stored in a daily archive file Data Analysis is a time consuming process In our Experience:  One hour/day to analyze traffic  One hour of attack traffic can result up to one week of analysis

15 Ethereal Analysis Tool

16 Exploitations Detected on the Georgia Tech Honeynet 36 possible exploited machines have been detected at Georgia Tech in previous 9 months (through June 2003) A report is made to OIT on each suspected compromise

17 Identification of a System with a Compromised Password Previously Compromised Honeynet Computer Continued to Operate as Warez Server Another Georgia Tech Computer Connected to the Warez Server Investigation Revealed that Password had been Compromised on Second Georgia Tech Computer

18 Detection of Worm Type Exploits GEN I Honeynet Well-Suited to Detect Worm Type Exploits  Repeated Scans targeting specific ports  Analyze captured data for time lapses Ability to Deploy Specific Operating System on Honeynet

19 Exploitation Pattern of Typical Internet Worm Target Vulnerabilities on Specific Operating Systems Localized Scanning to Propagate (Code Red)  3/8 of time within same /16 network  1/2 of time within same /8 network  1/8 of time random address Allows for Quick Infection Within Internal Networks with High Concentration of Vulnerable Hosts

20 Georgia Tech Honeynet Gen II

21 Initial Observations of Gen II Honeynet Configuration is more complex than Gen I Must use variants of Linux 2.4 kernel in order to run Sebek keystroke logger capability Data must continue to be monitored on a daily basis

22 Honeynet Portscan Activity Date Public: 7/24/02 Date Attack: 1/25/03

23 Honeynet Portscan Activity Date Public: 7/16/03 Date Attack: 8/11/03

24 Honeynet Portscan Activity Date Public: 8/15/2003 Date Attack: 8/22/03

25 Conclusions on HoneyNets Honeynet Assists in Maintaining Network Security Provides Platform for Research in Information Assurance and Intrusion Detection