Segregation & Discrimination President Truman desegregated the military 1954, Brown v. Board of Education ▫Segregated schools were unconstitutional Separation Unequal treatment or barriers

Civil Rights 1956, Martin Luther King, Jr. emerged as Civil Rights leader Boycotts & peaceful marches 1963 Congress outlawed public segregation, protected voting rights, & required equal access to housing & jobs

Government’s Role FDR, Social Security JFK & Lyndon Johnson (democrats) increased government’s role ▫Offered housing for the poor ▫1965, Congress funded Medicare & Medicaid

Government’s Role Ronald Reagan (Republican) Trickle-down Reaganomics Reduce gov’t spending Reduce fed. income tax Reduce gov’t regulation Tighten money supply Reduce inflation Increased military spending

Western Europe Rebuilds W. Germany (with help from the Marshall Plan) built modern industrial base ▫Economic miracle Britain had slow recovery ▫Abandoned colonial empire overseas France lost colonial wars & country was demoralized But US $ helped them modernize & standard of living improved

Welfare States Many European political parties Welfare states= country with a market economy but increased government responsibility for social & economic needs of the people High taxes & increased government regulation

European Unity European Community: organization dedicated to establishing free trade among member nations for all products ▫Gradually ended tariffs ▫Allowed workers & capital to move freely across borders

Japan US helped the Japanese create new constitution ▫Took away all political power from the emperor ▫Land reform ▫Education reform 1952, US & Japan sign peace treaty US leaves Keeps military bases & in return protects Japan with nuclear weapons Remain close trading partners - Eventually competitors 1952, US & Japan sign peace treaty US leaves Keeps military bases & in return protects Japan with nuclear weapons Remain close trading partners - Eventually competitors Economic miracle Exports

What was one positive outcome from having to rebuild completely after WWII? With US protection, how much do you think countries like W. Germany & Japan spent on their military? ▫Where could they put that money instead?

China’s Communist Revolution Mao Zedong ▫Lead communists in civil war against Nationalists ▫Had support of huge peasant population Set up a communist one- party totalitarian state ▫People’s Republic of China

Great Leap Forward Urged a superhuman effort to increase farm & industrial output Organized farmland into communes ▫Disaster ▫Produced low quality goods ▫People lost incentive ▫Food shortage  An estimated 55 million Chinese starved to death Commonly owned & operated farm

China, Cold War’s “Wild Card” With China, Communists now had control of 1/5 of the world’s population …But, China & Soviet Union didn’t trust each other US played the China card US could isolate the Soviets 1979, US set up diplomatic relations with China

Korea Independent until Japan conquered it in 1900s After WWII, Soviets & US divided it ▫Soviets supports Kim Il Sung in the North (Communist) ▫US supported Syngman Rhee in the South (Dictator, but not communist) Both leaders wanted complete rule

Korean War June 1950, North Korea attacked South Korea UN invaded to help the South November, China gets involved to help the North Stalemate 1953, Both sides sign an armistice DMZ: Demilitarized zone

Two Koreas South Korea had economic boom