Test 1 Results MW 7:45 A 20-18 points B 17-16 points C 15-14 points D F 11 or less points 22 students* 14 students 8 students 3 students 1 student *6 students with perfect scores (20/20)

Test 1 Results MW 9:30 A 20-18 points B 17-16 points C 15-14 points D F 11 or less points 22 students* 12 students 10 students 5 students 2 students *4 students with perfect scores (20/20)

Immigration Immigration Grades Solutions “Perhaps the most valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the thing you have to do, when it ought to be done, whether you like it or not.” – Thomas Henry Huxley, Biologist

Test 1 Results TTH A 20-18 points B 17-16 points C 15-14 points D F 11 or less points 21 students 12 students 9 students 2 students 3 students *Class average 81% 5 perfect scores 20/20

I am a ... First generation immigrant (came to the U.S. not born here) Second generation (parents came to the U.S., born here) Third generation (grandparents came to U.S.) Family has been in the U.S. more than 3 generations

What is assimilation?

Assimilation Robert E. Park’s traditional assimilation theory Milton Gordon’s contemporary views Horace Kallen’s cultural pluralism .

Robert Park’s traditional assimilation model, assimilation occurs after 3 generations. • 1st: struggle to learn the new way of new country, hold on to many aspects of their culture American 8

American According to Robert Park’s traditional assimilation model • 2nd: attend public schools learn English better than parents may move out of ethnically grouped neighborhoods marry someone outside of their race. Still seen as outsiders and may consider themselves outsiders American 9

American Robert Park’s traditional assimilation model • 3rd: grandchildren of immigrants, move completely into mainstream of American life. May learn a few words of grandparents’ language, know a few recipes, or proverbs, but speak mostly English Few questions regarding their nationality American 10

In your opinion or personal experiences has this been true? According to traditional assimilation model, assimilation occurs after 3 generations. • 1st: struggles to learn the new way • 2nd: learn English better than parents, move out of ethnically grouped neighborhoods, marry someone outside of their race. Still seen as outsiders • 3rd: move completely into the mainstream American life. In your opinion or personal experiences has this been true? 11

Criticism of traditional assimilation model Ignores age of entry: 12

2. Ignores race: 13

3. Ignores choice: 14

Criticism of traditional assimilation model 4. Ignores group size, concentrations, and time of entry 5. Ignores similarity between the cultures 15

Milton Gordon’s Contemporary Views on Assimilation Gordon described 7 different sub processes of assimilation 16

Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl Italian Cuban Japanese Italian Cuban Japanese Cultural Pluralism America America 17 17

Horace Kallen’s Cultural Pluralism Majority’s culture should not replace minority’s culture But add to it Minority group’s ways should be accepted Should be seen as “Americanized” without disappearing as distinctive groups Italian Cuban Japanese Cultural Pluralism America 18

Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl Which do you feel is better for the United States? Why? Cultural Pluralism 19 19

Milton Gordon’s Contemporary Views on Assimilation Some feel that not all are possible 1. Cultural (practices and traditions) 2. Structural (schools, jobs, housing, recreational spheres of society) 3. Marital (acceptable partners) 4. Identificational (the group you identify with) 5. Attitudinal (prejudice) 6. Behavioral (discrimination) 7. Civic (political power, representation in politics) assimilation. 20

Primary Sources Images from the California Library of Congress Walk around and view all of the images Stand by the image that interests you most (NO MORE THAN 3 PEOPLE PER IMAGE) With the others at your image answer the following questions: (Try avoiding group members that already sit near you) Why did you select this image? What do you think is happening in this image? Who? What ? Where? When? Why do you think this image was selected for class? Select a speaker Return to your seats when you hear the buzzer

Interested in the historical background? Visit the Library of Congress website Washington D.C. Largest library in the world http://www.loc.gov/index.html

Chiricahua Apaches as they arrived at Carlisle from Fort Marion, Florida November 4th, 1886 “Kill the Indian and save the man” ~ Captain Richard Henry Pratt, Founder, Carlisle Indian School, PA

Title: Group of Indian Boys, from Dakota territory, taken after about fifteen month's residence at Hampton, Virginia. March, 1880.

Educating the Indians. Illustration Educating the Indians. Illustration. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated newspaper, 15 March 1884.

Title: View of Ellis Island Looking across water toward immigration station New York 1913. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_zDeHhJox8

"Work on the Last Mile of the Pacific Railroad -- Mingling of European with Asiatic Laborers": From Harper's Weekly: Harper's Weekly, Vol. 13 Image created 1869

Chinese immigrants made up 90% of workers on U. S Chinese immigrants made up 90% of workers on U.S. railroads in mid to late 1800’s. However white workers did not allow Chinese immigrants to be in the photo marking the completion of the railroad to the West Coast

Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music The Chinamen must go by H. B. Pasmore. CREATED/PUBLISHED San Francisco: Gibson, J. W., 1880.

Title: Goodbye to old Ireland Title: Goodbye to old Ireland! Passengers on tender at Queenstown New York, 1903.

1860’s New York. Discrimination against Irish in the job market.

Political cartoon titled "The Usual Irish Way of Doing Things" by Thomas Nast (1840-1902) published in Harper's Weekly on September 2nd 1871

Japanese American Internment During World War II Title: Japanese residents at Civil Control station for registration San Francisco April 1942 After Pear Harbor attack, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered that everyone who was one-eighth Japanese or more be confined in detention centers called “internment camps” with no trials, no crime charge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7NVYBfZ310

Japanese American Internment During World War II Title: Residents of Japanese ancestry awaiting the bus at the Wartime Civil Control San Francisco, April 1942 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mr97qyKA2s&feature=related

Attorneys for Brown v. Board of Education George E. C. Hayes, Thurgood Marshall, and James M. Nabrit congratulating each other on the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, May 17, 1954. United States Supreme Court’s landmark decision that declared segregation in schools unconstitutional

Ruby Bridges New Orleans, Louisiana 1960, when she was 6 years old, her parents responded to a call from the NAACP and volunteered her to participate in the integration of the New Orleans School system. She is known as the first African-American child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nrkMxorZT4&feature=related

Oct 1954, Baltimore, Maryland, USA --- Police stand guard as a group of African American students, escorted by Reverend James L. Johnson, march past demonstrators protesting desegregation at Baltimore high schools..

Cesar Chavez 1960’s Mexican-American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. His work led to numerous improvements for union workers.

Cesar Chavez, Robert Kennedy Cesar Chavez breaks his 25-day fast by accepting bread from Senator Robert Kennedy, Delano, California. Left to right: Helen Chavez, Robert Kennedy, Cesar Chavez March 10, 1968

When Filipino American farm workers initiated the Delano grape strike on September 8, 1965 to protest for higher wages, Cesar Chávez eagerly supported them.

July 31st, 2010 Temecula, CA “Small group protests the building of a mosque in Temecula” LA Times

“We are more alike, my friends, than we are unalike.” Quote from Poem Human Family by Maya Angelou

History of Discrimination in Immigration Law Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: excluded Chinese laborers for 10 years Immigration Act of 1921: restrictions Southern and Eastern Europe, quota for each nationality. 1921-discussed in chapter 4’s reading, how immigrants from parts of europe that were different, because of their languages and religious practices began immigrating the government wanted to put restrictions on them, as well as asians Deportation of suspected communists during the red scare 43

History of Discrimination in Immigration Law National Origins Act 1924: Southern Europeans and East Asians and Indians 1950’s eject suspected Communists from the country (usinfo.state.gov) 1921-discussed in chapter 4’s reading, how immigrants from parts of europe that were different, because of their languages and religious practices began immigrating the government wanted to put restrictions on them, as well as asians Deportation of suspected communists during the red scare 44

History of Discrimination in Immigration Law Great Depression: Mexicans and Mexican-Americans faced mass deportation Post World War II: 1954 "Operation Wetback," President Eisenhower, a speculated 1 million Mexicans deported along with their U.S. born children Mass deportation of mexican immigrants, their us born children, and even us citizens who were of mexican decent, or looked mexican 45

Effects of Post 9/11 Security Measures USA Patriot Act of 2001: put immigration under control of Department of Homeland Security 2003: Men from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in US, legal immigrants, had to register for the controversial National Security Entry-Exit Registration System or face deportation. The ethnicity of immigrants was a focus during times of national crisis The treatment of this group of immigrants was denounced not only by numerous human rights groups, but notably by the Office of the Inspector General, a government investigatory body. In a report issued in 2003, the Inspector General characterized the manner in which the arrests were conducted as "indiscriminate and haphazard," resulting in the detention of many immigrants who had "no connection to terrorism."' The report further criticized prolonged incarceration and deliberate denial of access to counsel and family members. At one jail in New Jersey, the investigators documented a "pattern of verbal and physical abuse. Subsequently, in 2002 the government initiated a program entitled "Special Registration." Because the 9/11 terrorists had entered the U.S. on non-immigrant visas, all males between the ages of sixteen and forty-five from designated Arab and Muslim countries who were in the U.S. on non-immigrant visas were required to register annually and answer questions under oath at the Department of Homeland Security" offices. Failure to comply with these rules could result in deportation. In addition, "special registrants" had to notify the government of their departure from the U.S. and could only leave through designated airports. 46

Illegal Immigration

Where are most legal immigrants from? Top 10 in 2010 Mexico India Philippines China Vietnam Colombia Dominican Republic Cuba Haiti Jamaica Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/natz_fr_2010.pdf 48

Terms Immigrant does not = illegal immigrant Illegal immigrants also called undocumented workers/ undocumented students Remember immigrant does not =Latino/a Be respectful

What parts of the U.S. do most immigrants settle in?

What parts of the U.S. do most immigrants settle in? And why? California Illinois New York New Jersey Florida Texas

Push and Pull factors of Immigration into the U.S. Push factors poverty famine unemployment wars military draft religious or political persecution 52

Push and Pull factors of Immigration into the U.S. perception of endless opportunities employment family religious freedom economic freedom education

Article on Immigration Solutions (1) More border control. (2) Prevent employers from hiring undocumented immigrants. (3) Withhold government services from unauthorized immigrants. (4) Grant workers a path to gain citizenship or work permits. (5) Give police the authority and responsibility to identify illegal immigrants (Arizona SB 1070) Solutions? Regardless of your view, pretty much everyone agrees that the issue of illegal immigration must be addressed. (1) This would entail further beefing up the Border Patrol and perhaps even calling on National Guard troops to help out. (2) This would entail stiffening punishments on employers, particularly repeat offenders. Assets from a business could be forfeited to the government. Some current policies being proposed urge the creation of a fraud-resistant federal identity card for every person legally in the United States or a database listing all eligible workers. Opponents argue that punishing employers would hurt business and start making employers reluctant to hire minorities. (3). This would entail passing laws requiring public schools, hospitals, and welfare offices to require proof of citizenship or legal residency before permitting persons to use non emergency public services. Supporters believe that this would relieve taxpayers from paying for services for undocumented immigrants. Opponents argue that this would do nothing to stop illegal immigration, that it would send children into the streets and leave dangerous diseases undiagnosed, and that the Supreme Court has declared such laws unconstitutional in Plyler v. Doe (1982). (4) Grant an amnesty and give workers a path to gain citizenship. Undocumented workers already in the United States would be given a work permit on showing that they have no criminal record and after a period of years, they would be given the opportunity to get permit resident status and eventually citizenship. Supporters say that these people have entered illegally mainly because our immigration system is broken. They argue that these workers should get a chance to earn citizenship. Opponents argue that granting an amnesty has been tried before and only encourages more illegal immigration. 54

Groups Each person: introduce yourself Tell your group when your birthday is (just day and month, not year) Put your group in order from 1-5 depending on your birthday (Jan-Dec)

Pros and Cons of the Solutions a) Which do you think is best? Why? b) Which do you think is worst? Why? Mark a * for each person’s choice of best. Mark an x for each person’s choice for worst c) List 1-3 other pros or cons for each solution. (Besides those already in the article) (1) More border control. (2) Prevent employers from hiring undocumented immigrants. (3) Withhold government services from unauthorized immigrants. (4) Grant workers a path to gain citizenship or work permits. (5) Give police the authority and responsibility to identify illegal immigrants (Arizona SB 1070) Solutions? Regardless of your view, pretty much everyone agrees that the issue of illegal immigration must be addressed. (1) This would entail further beefing up the Border Patrol and perhaps even calling on National Guard troops to help out. (2) This would entail stiffening punishments on employers, particularly repeat offenders. Assets from a business could be forfeited to the government. Some current policies being proposed urge the creation of a fraud-resistant federal identity card for every person legally in the United States or a database listing all eligible workers. Opponents argue that punishing employers would hurt business and start making employers reluctant to hire minorities. (3). This would entail passing laws requiring public schools, hospitals, and welfare offices to require proof of citizenship or legal residency before permitting persons to use non emergency public services. Supporters believe that this would relieve taxpayers from paying for services for undocumented immigrants. Opponents argue that this would do nothing to stop illegal immigration, that it would send children into the streets and leave dangerous diseases undiagnosed, and that the Supreme Court has declared such laws unconstitutional in Plyler v. Doe (1982). (4) Grant an amnesty and give workers a path to gain citizenship. Undocumented workers already in the United States would be given a work permit on showing that they have no criminal record and after a period of years, they would be given the opportunity to get permit resident status and eventually citizenship. Supporters say that these people have entered illegally mainly because our immigration system is broken. They argue that these workers should get a chance to earn citizenship. Opponents argue that granting an amnesty has been tried before and only encourages more illegal immigration. 56

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION Views for deportation of illegal immigrants Employers-some truly sympathize with illegal immigrants and feel they deserve an opportunity to thrive and be successful, while some are thinking solely of profit, and looking for the cheapest labor possible, some say it is difficult to get American citizens to take the jobs that illegal immigrants perform Opponents have 2 main arguments, taxes and jobs. Economic Impact Taxes-Illegal immigrant require government services. Their children attend public schools. When they get sick, they go to public hospitals. Many studies, however, have found that the undocumented immigrants pay more in payroll taxes—income taxes and Social Security—than the costs of these services. Undocumented immigrants also pay local taxes, but local government officials complain that local government pays for the services that undocumented immigrants need and the federal government collects the bulk of the taxes that they pay. Jobs-No hard statistics have been produced that show how seriously American workers are hurt by illegal immigrants taking jobs they could fill. Supporters are those who once again sympathize with the struggle for economic success of illegal immigrants and feel laws should be enacted to allow illegal immigrants to work legally in the united states. Views against deportation of illegal immigrants 57

Asylum protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee 58

Asylum may be granted due to Fear of return to country based on persecution related to: race religion political opinion social group

Otherwise clean criminal record Must show: 10 years in U.S. Otherwise clean criminal record Relative who is U.S. citizen would suffer exceptional hardship if deported 60

Extra Credit Movie

Think of an open-ended question to ask the class about the picture. Example: How do sexualized dolls like the Bratz influence young girls? Upcoming Assignment Bring in a media image from a magazine (non-pornographic) that you feel relates to issues of gender Think of an open-ended question to ask the class about the picture. Type up the question. You must be in class to earn full points

Students who succeed in this class Go to class Check syllabus and website regularly Pay attention and participate Study for tests and use the scoring guides Do the reading 63

The time to improve your grade is now Don’t be this guy at the end of the semester But I really needed an A to transfer to CSUDH/UCLA/USC…etc. I’m only 1 point away from a C, can’t you round my grade up? I didn’t know that I wasn’t passing. But I really need to pass to stay eligible for basketball/ football/ track…etc.

Students who don’t pass: Mid-term check in Students who earn A’s : Students who don’t pass: Keep their goals in mind and work hard Read syllabus carefully and regularly Read the text book and articles Attend every class, on time, stay the entire class. Listen actively and take notes Participate in class discussions Check the course website regularly Take advantage of all the extra credit Turn in all assignments on time Use the test study guides Read the scoring rubrics carefully before writing papers Review the Power Points posted on the course website   Think they will pass without putting in effort Ignore the syllabus Don’t ever do the reading Miss more than 2 classes Come to class late more than 2 times Daydream Do not participate Rarely use the course website Do not take advantage of extra credit Miss multiple assignments Turn in assignments late Do not prepare for tests Do not read paper scoring rubrics

What are your goals for 2 years from now? What is your grade in this class? ____% Estimate: I have had _______absences in this class. ____tardies. Are you doing everything you can do get the grade you want/need in this course? What areas do you plan to improve in and HOW? Students who earn A’s : Students who don’t pass: Keep their goals in mind and work hard Read syllabus carefully and regularly Read the text book and articles Attend every class, on time, stay the entire class. Listen actively and take notes Participate in class Check the course website regularly Take advantage of all the extra credit Turn in all assignments on time Use the test study guides Read assignment details and samples carefully Review the Power Points posted on the course website   Think they will pass without putting in effort Ignore syllabus and class website Don’t do the reading Miss more than 2 classes Come to class late more than twice Daydream Do not participate Miss multiple assignments Turn in assignments late Do not prepare well for tests Do not read assignment instructions and examples Don’t take advantage of extra credit

The best way to improve/maintain your grade is to follow the syllabus: Use the syllabus Focus in class and participate Study for tests Put time and effort into written assignments 67

Tips Learning combination 10-24-7 Moves information into your long term memory 68

(ICE= United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement)

Timeline of significant U.S. Immigration Laws Texas Proviso 1952: makes harboring an illegal entrant a felony, but does not punish those who employ them. Immigration Act of 1965: abolished the national origins quota system. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986: made it illegal for employers to knowingly hire illegal immigrants. Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996: authorized more Border Patrol agents and a triple fence along the San Diego border, USA Patriot Act of 2001: put immigration under the control of the newly created Department of Homeland Security (Kimer, 2005) Real ID Act May 2005: prohibits undocumented immigrants from holding a driver’s licenses Bill 4427 December 2005: Made remaining in the U.S. as an undocumented immigrant a federal felony (en.wikpedia.org) Immigration Act of 1965 abolished the national origins quota system. Preference is given to skilled persons and immigrants who are closely related to American citizens. After five years residency in the United States, immigrants may apply for naturalized citizenship. Refugee Act of 1980 defined a “refugee” as any person leaving his or her own country because of a “well founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular group, or political opinion.” Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 made it illegal for employers to knowingly hire illegal immigrants .It also set up a process to grant amnesty and legal papers to about 1.5 million undocumented people in the United States. Not enforced Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 authorized more Border Patrol agents and a triple fence along the San Diego border, made tougher penalties for smuggling people and creating fraudulent documents, and created an “expedited removal” process to remove anyone trying to enter the United States without proper documents. USA Patriot Act of 2001 put immigration under the control of the newly created Department of Homeland Security and tripled the budget for Border Patrol agents along the Canadian border. Real ID Act, a rider attached to an $82 billion supplementary budget for U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq. The bill makes asylum claims more difficult and allows for the construction of a larger fence at the U.S.-Mexico border. Importantly, it prohibits undocumented immigrants from holding driver's licenses. Bill 4427-resulted in major protesting last year, passed Source: NACLA Report on the Americas; Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p34-35, 2p 71

Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/natz_fr_2010.pdf

What parts of the U.S. do most immigrants settle in? And why? New York Illinois New Jersey California Florida Texas As in most cases of human migration, there are “push” and “pull” factors at work. “Push” factors are conditions that encourage people to leave their homelands. They include such things as famine, unemployment, and poverty. Also, crippling taxes, wars, the military draft, and religious and political persecution have forced people to abandon their native countries. Immigrants coming to this country have not only been “pushed” from their homelands. They have also been “pulled” by the seemingly limitless opportunities of America. (Croddy, Hayes, 2006) California, Texas, Florida, New York, Illinois 73

Extra Credit Power Point Option: Sociologists to Know Extra Credit 5 minute Power Point Presentation (or Prezi.com) Select a sociologist (sign up in class next class) Describe the following: brief background of their life, 2-3 major contributions to sociology, how is their work relevant today? 4 points possible Present on: May 1st Samples and details on website

Sociologists to choose from: www.Soc2013.weebly.com 1. Emile Durkheim 2. Max Weber 3. Charles Horton Cooley 4. Karl Marx 5. Herbert Spencer 6. Harriet Martineau 7. Jane Addams 8 George Herbert Mead 9. W.E.B DuBois 10. Talcot Parsons