College Physics Chapter 1 Introduction.

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Presentation transcript:

College Physics Chapter 1 Introduction

Science is a Philosophy It is not science without data It is not science without measurement errors (somehow) It is not science unless it can be reproduced (objectivity) Math is like the grammar of science

Fundamental Quantities and Their Dimension Length [L] Mass [M] Time [T] other physical quantities can be constructed from these three

Systems of Measurement Standardized systems agreed upon by some authority SI -- Systéme International 1960 by international committee main system used in this text also called “mks” units cgs – Gaussian system US Customary nits of common usage

Prefixes Metric prefixes correspond to powers of 10 Each prefix has a specific name Each prefix has a specific abbreviation See table 1.4

Structure of Matter

Dimensional Analysis Technique to check the correctness of an equation Dimensions (length, mass, time, combinations) can be treated as algebraic quantities add, subtract, multiply, divide Both sides of equation must have the same dimensions

Uncertainty in Measurements There is uncertainty in every measurement, and uncertainty carries over through calculations Lab uses rules for significant figures to approximate the uncertainty in calculations

Conversions Units must be consistent (time=time) Units carry value! (1 m = 100 cm) You can manipulate words in equations just like you manipulate numbers Example:

Cartesian coordinate system Also called rectangular coordinate system x- and y- axes Points are labeled (x,y)

Plane polar coordinate system Origin and reference line are noted Points labeled (r,q) Point is distance r from the origin in the direction of angle , (counterclockwise from reference line)

Trigonometry Review

More Trig Pythagorean Theorem To find an angle, you need the inverse trig function for example, Be sure your calculator is set appropriately for degrees or radians Must beware of quadrant ambiguities

Polar Coordinates Example Convert the Cartesian coordinates for (x,y) to Polar coordinates (r,q)

How High Is the Building? Determine the height of the building and the distance traveled by the light beam

Problem Solving Strategy

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