PHASE EQUILIBRIA. Ternary Systems Types:  (Liquid –Vapor) ternary systems  (Liquid – Solid ) ternary systems.

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Presentation transcript:

PHASE EQUILIBRIA

Ternary Systems Types:  (Liquid –Vapor) ternary systems  (Liquid – Solid ) ternary systems

Section 12 Today’s Topic : The Three component system, L-V type – Degree of freedom analysis – How to determine compositions ? – The phase diagram – Isothermal section – Dew and bubble point calculations

Ternary Systems Applications of ternary systems: 1.Steel Industry 2.Refractories 3.Ceramics 4.Distillation 5.Liquid - Liquid Extraction 6.Leaching 7.Tea !!!

Ternary Systems Degree of Freedom Analysis: F = C – P + 2 – r = 3 – P [ Isobaric diagrams] F = 4 - P

Ternary Systems Degree of Freedom Analysis: F max = 3 These 3 independent variables are : T, x 1, x 2

Three component system Method of representation : Use the Composition triangle

Three component system

1 – Any vertex represent a one component system.

Three component system 2 – Any side represent a two component system

Three component system 3 – Any point inside the triangle represent a ternary system

4 – Any parallel line to a side of the triangle, represents a locus of constant percentage of the third component

In this figure: We have a line parallel to the side BC Then, it contains a fixed percentage of A ( 30% ) This line is a locus for all of the mixtures containing 30 % A

In this figure: We have a line parallel to the side AB Then, it contains a fixed percentage of C ( 30% ) This line is a locus for all of the mixtures containing 30 % C

Three component system 5 – Any point inside the triangle can be located knowing two compositions only.

Locate the mixture of the following composition : 30% A & 50 % B

Locate the mixture of the following composition : 30% A & 50 % B

Locate the mixture of the following composition : 30% A & 50 % B

Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems The Binary Diagram : Assumptions: – Total liquid solubility – Ideal system

Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems The Binary Diagram : Assumptions: – Total liquid solubility – Ideal system

Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

Comparing binary and ternary diagram: Vaporous curve vs Vaporous Surface Liquidus line vs Vaporous Surface

Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

Vaporous Surface

Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

Comparing binary and ternary diagram: 1.Phases got on cooling : V L+V L

Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

Comparing binary and ternary diagram: 1.Phases got on cooling : V L+V L

Comparing binary and ternary diagrams: 2.Method to get composition and amounts: In binary system : Draw a tie line then use lever arm principle In Ternary system: The first step is to draw the “ ISOTHERMAL SECTION”

V L L + V

V L L V

Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems How to draw a tie line : Lever Arm Principle: